Challenge: Existing self-supervised methods in natural language processing rely on augmentation rules to generate contrastive samples.
Approach: They propose a hierarchy-aware information lossless contrastive learning scheme that uses syntactic information reserved in the input sample and fused during the learning process.
Outcome: The proposed learning scheme is superior to existing methods in hierarchical text classification . the proposed learning system is based on a structure encoder and a text encoder .

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Incorporating Hierarchy into Text Encoder: a Contrastive Learning Approach for Hierarchical Text Classification (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods encode text and label hierarchy separately and mix their representations for classification, where the hierarchy remains unchanged for all input text.
Approach: They propose to embed hierarchy into a text encoder by combining input and output data to generate a hierarchy-aware representation.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
HiTIN: Hierarchy-aware Tree Isomorphism Network for Hierarchical Text Classification (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing dual-encoder methods in HTC achieve weak performance gains with huge memory overheads and their structure encoders heavily rely on domain knowledge.
Approach: They propose a hierarchy-aware tree isomorphism network to enhance the text representations with only syntactic information of the label hierarchy.
Outcome: The proposed model could boost the performance of hierarchical text classification without prior statistics or label semantics without prior data.
Enhancing Hierarchical Text Classification through Knowledge Graph Integration (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to hierarchical text classification are limited by lack of domain knowledge, which leads to mistakes in a variety of situations.
Approach: They propose a Knowledge-enabled Hierarchical Text Classification model which integrates knowledge graphs into HTC to address the knowledge limitations of traditional methods.
Outcome: The proposed model integrates knowledge graphs into the hierarchical text classification process, addressing the knowledge limitations of traditional methods.
HTCInfoMax: A Global Model for Hierarchical Text Classification via Information Maximization (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for hierarchical text classification do not consider statistical constraint on label representations learned by structure encoder.
Approach: They propose a new hierarchical text classification model called HTCInfoMax which incorporates two modules to improve the model's representations.
Outcome: The proposed model can model the interaction between each text sample and its ground truth labels explicitly which filters out irrelevant information.
A Novel Negative Sample Generation Method for Contrastive Learning in Hierarchical Text Classification (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for hierarchical text classification struggle with fine-grained labels, leading to difficulties in accurate classification.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical sequence ranking method for generating diverse negative samples using hierarchically structured hierarchic labels.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-art (SOTA) on two datasets showing that it can distinguish between fine-grained labels and discriminate.
Towards Better Hierarchical Text Classification with Data Generation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to improve hierarchical text classification are expensive and lack high-quality labeled data.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical text classification framework that can achieve both label controllability and text diversity by extracting high-quality hierarchic label information.
Outcome: The proposed method can achieve label controllability and text diversity by extracting high-quality hierarchical label information.
HiGen: Hierarchy-Aware Sequence Generation for Hierarchical Text Classification (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Hierarchical text classification is a complex subtask under multi-label text classification . the relevance of document sections can vary based on the hierarchy level, necessitating a dynamic document representation.
Approach: They propose a text-generation-based framework that uses language models to encode dynamic text representations.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses existing methods while handling data and mitigating class imbalance.
HiCL: Hierarchical Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Sentence Embeddings (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods that encode a sequence in its entirety for contrast with others often neglect local representation learning.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical contrastive learning framework, HiCL, which considers local segment-level and global sequence-level relationships to improve training efficiency and effectiveness.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves training efficiency and effectiveness by dividing a sequence into several segments and using local and global contrastive learning to model relationships.
Instances and Labels: Hierarchy-aware Joint Supervised Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Multi-Label Text Classification (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) ignore the correlation between similar samples and introduce noise .
Approach: They propose a semi-supervised method that uses a label hierarchy to bring text and label embeddings closer to each other by supervised contrastive learning.
Outcome: The proposed method bridges the gap between supervised contrastive learning and HMTC by bringing text and label embeddings closer.
Well Begun Is Half Done: An Implicitly Augmented Generative Framework with Distribution Modification for Hierarchical Text Classification (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) is a challenging task which aims to extract the labels in a tree structure corresponding to a given text.
Approach: They propose an explicit-agmented-generativ-e framework with distribution modification for hierarchical text classification.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on the initial distributions of tail classes and avoids misinterpreting predictions on unbalanced data.

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