Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) plays a pivotal role in medical Natural Language Processing (NLP) yet, there is no open-source medical NER dataset specifically for Korean.
Approach: They used ChatGPT to construct an open-source Korean NER dataset . they found 20% increase in medical NER performance compared to general Korean ner datasets.
Outcome: The KBMC dataset shows an impressive 20% increase in medical NER performance compared to models trained on general Korean NER datasets.

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Named Entity Recognition for Chinese biomedical patents (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing attempts to address NER for Chinese biomedical texts have been limited due to the amount of Chinese biomedicine discoveries being patented.
Approach: They train and evaluate Chinese biomedical patents NER models based on BERT . their model is optimized for Chinese bio-patent data and scored an F1 .
Outcome: The proposed model achieves an F1 score of 0.540.15 for Chinese biomedical patent data.
Medical Spoken Named Entity Recognition (2025.naacl-industry)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) aims to extract named entities from speech and categorise them into types like person, location, organization, etc.
Approach: They present a spoken NER dataset in the medical domain using pre-trained models that are encoder-only and sequence-to-sequence.
Outcome: The dataset is the largest spoken NER dataset in the world regarding the number of entity types, featuring 18 distinct types.
NERvous About My Health: Constructing a Bengali Medical Named Entity Recognition Dataset (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is used in a variety of downstream tasks in the biomedical domain, but is difficult when working with consumer health questions (CHQs).
Approach: They propose to use a dataset to identify named entities in health-related texts in Bengali to address the scarcity of available data.
Outcome: The proposed dataset captures the diverse range of linguistic styles and dialects used by native speakers from various regions in their day-to-day lives.
ChiMST: A Chinese Medical Corpus for Word Segmentation and Medical Term Recognition (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Chinese word segmentation and named entity recognition are important tasks in natural language processing.
Approach: They develop a Chinese medical corpus annotated with Chinese word boundary and medical term information to address this problem.
Outcome: The proposed corpus will be a valuable resource for Chinese word segmentation and named entity recognition research on the medical domain.
MRC-based Nested Medical NER with Co-prediction and Adaptive Pre-training (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Experimental evaluations conducted on the CMeEE, a benchmark for Chinese nested medical named entity recognition (NER) model outperforms the compared state-of-the-art (SOTA) models.
Approach: They propose a model based on machine reading comprehension that uses a task-adaptive pre-training strategy to improve the model’s capability in the medical field.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the compared state-of-the-art models on the CMeEE, a benchmark for Chinese nested medical NER.
Linguistically Informed Relation Extraction and Neural Architectures for Nested Named Entity Recognition in BioNLP-OST 2019 (D19-57)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Relation Extraction (RE) are essential tools in distilling knowledge from biomedical literature.
Approach: They propose to use Named Entities to perform nested entities extraction, Entity Normalization and Relation Extraction to generalize the approach to different languages.
Outcome: The proposed approach can be generalized to different languages and showed it’s effectiveness for English and Spanish text.
A Named Entity Recognition Corpus for Vietnamese Biomedical Texts to Support Tuberculosis Treatment (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important task in information extraction.
Approach: They construct a labelled NER corpus of Vietnamese academic biomedical text . they annotate documents with five categories of named entities: Organisation, Location, Date and Time, Symptom and Disease, and Diagnostic Procedure.
Outcome: The proposed system could provide answers to questions related to TB in Vietnamese . the system could also be used to identify TB-related diseases in the country .
Where do LLMs currently stand on biomedical NER in both clean and noisy settings ? (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: despite advances in medicine, many diseases remain without effective treatments . clinical meta-analysis is essential for drug discovery and clinical research .
Approach: They investigate the performance of large language models (LLMs) on biomedical NER tasks . findings suggest LLMs exhibit a notable degree of robustness to noise .
Outcome: The proposed models are closing the performance gap with BERT-based models and demonstrate particular strengths in low-data settings.
Thai Nested Named Entity Recognition Corpus (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: a new dataset for Named Entity Recognition (NER) is proposed for Thailand.
Approach: They propose to use Thai N-NER to extract named entities from text . they propose to include a nested structure that can be used to improve NER .
Outcome: The proposed dataset is the largest non-English N-NER dataset and the first non- English one with fine-grained classes.
Named Entities in Medical Case Reports: Corpus and Experiments (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Only very few annotated corpora in the medical domain exist.
Approach: They propose to annotate medical entities in case reports from PubMed Central's open access library.
Outcome: The proposed corpus is the first of its kind to be made available to the scientific community in English.

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