Challenge: Existing data resources for the detection of hate speech focus on text sequence classification, but the target of hateful content is lacking.
Approach: They propose a tweet dataset for the task of joint learning of hate speech detection and target detection called JL-Hate.
Outcome: The proposed dataset performs similar tasks to the existing datasets in sequence and token classification tasks.

Similar Papers

So Hateful! Building a Multi-Label Hate Speech Annotated Arabic Dataset (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Social media enables widespread propagation of hate speech targeting groups based on ethnicity, religion, or other characteristics.
Approach: They analyze 70,000 Arabic tweets to identify hate speech patterns and train models . 15% of tweets contain offensive language while 6% have hate speech . authors hope to prevent spread of hateful content on social media platforms .
Outcome: The analysis of 70,000 Arabic tweets shows that 15% of tweets contain offensive language while 6% have hate speech . 10% of tweet provide verifiable factual claims, and 7% are deemed important .
Multilingual and Multi-Aspect Hate Speech Analysis (D19-1)

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Challenge: Current research on hate speech analysis is oriented towards monolingual and single classification tasks.
Approach: They propose to use a multilingual multi-aspect hate speech analysis dataset to test current methods . they evaluate the dataset in various classification settings and discuss how to leverage annotations .
Outcome: The proposed dataset can be used to improve hate speech detection and classification in general.
A Turkish Hate Speech Dataset and Detection System (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Davidson et al., 2017: hate speech is a discourse that targets a specific group based on race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, etc.
Approach: They propose a machine learning system for automatic detection of hate speech in Turkish . they use a hate speech dataset and a dataset to collect tweets about immigrants .
Outcome: The proposed system is able to detect hate speech in Turkish and annotate it using BERTurk.
HateGAN: Adversarial Generative-Based Data Augmentation for Hate Speech Detection (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to detect online hate speech depend heavily on labeled datasets for training, which results in poor detection performance of the hate speech class.
Approach: They propose a deep generative reinforcement learning model which augments two commonly-used hate speech detection datasets with the HateGAN generated tweets.
Outcome: The proposed model improves the detection performance of hate speech class regardless of the classifiers and datasets used in the detection task.
Leveraging Intra-User and Inter-User Representation Learning for Automated Hate Speech Detection (N18-2)

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Challenge: Existing methods that focus on a single tweet as input are likely to yield high false positive and negative rates.
Approach: They propose a model that leverages intra-user and inter-user representation learning to improve hate speech detection on Twitter by suppressing the noise in a single Tweet.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves the f-score of a strong bidirectional LSTM model by 10.1%.
Toxic, Hateful, Offensive or Abusive? What Are We Really Classifying? An Empirical Analysis of Hate Speech Datasets (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a recent study shows that many definitions are being used for equivalent concepts, making most datasets incompatible.
Approach: They analyze six publicly available datasets to determine their similarity and compatibility . they propose to use Fast Text word vectors to analyze similarity between different datasets .
Outcome: The proposed model performs better on similar datasets and worse on more non-offensive samples.
Data-Efficient Strategies for Expanding Hate Speech Detection into Under-Resourced Languages (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Hate speech datasets focus on English-language content, hindering effective models . annotating hateful content is expensive, time-consuming and potentially harmful to annotators.
Approach: They propose to use ISO 639-1 codes to fine-tune models on one source language and apply them to another language.
Outcome: The proposed approach performs well on some tasks, but fails on many others.
K-HATERS: A Hate Speech Detection Corpus in Korean with Target-Specific Ratings (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing datasets on hate speech detection focus on overt forms of hate . however, a majority of these resources are English-centric, focusing on overtones of hate.
Approach: They propose a new corpus for hate speech detection in Korean with target-specific offensiveness ratings that offer a three-point Likert scale.
Outcome: The proposed corpus is the largest offensive language corpus in Korean and offers target-specific ratings on a three-point Likert scale.
Data-Efficient Methods For Improving Hate Speech Detection (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for hate speech detection are data-hungry and require large datasets.
Approach: They propose an input-level data augmentation technique EasyMix to improve hate speech detection in english and multilingual datasets.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the performance across english and multilingual datasets by 1% and 2-8%.
Data-Efficient Hate Speech Detection via Cross-Lingual Nearest Neighbor Retrieval with Limited Labeled Data (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting hate speech data are expensive and time-consuming . labeled data is expensive and difficult to collect, especially for low-resource languages .
Approach: They propose a method that leverages nearest-neighbor retrieval to augment minimal labeled data in target language.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing models on eight languages and is highly data-efficient.

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