Challenge: Existing methods to detect online hate speech depend heavily on labeled datasets for training, which results in poor detection performance of the hate speech class.
Approach: They propose a deep generative reinforcement learning model which augments two commonly-used hate speech detection datasets with the HateGAN generated tweets.
Outcome: The proposed model improves the detection performance of hate speech class regardless of the classifiers and datasets used in the detection task.

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A Benchmark Dataset for Learning to Intervene in Online Hate Speech (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to detect online hate speech ignore conversational context . generative hate speech intervention is a novel approach to counter online hate .
Approach: They propose a task where generative hate speech intervention generates responses to intervene during online conversations that contain hate speech.
Outcome: The proposed method can detect and block hate speech and discourage it . it can also generate responses written by Mechanical Turk workers .
Improving Hate Speech Detection with Deep Learning Ensembles (L18-1)

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Challenge: censorship is a potential risk when addressing these issues with automated text classification methods.
Approach: They propose to use a neural network-based ensemble method to better classify hate speech using a publicly available embedding model and a popular sentiment dataset.
Outcome: The proposed method improves by 5 points on a hate speech corpus from Twitter and a popular sentiment dataset.
Generation-Based Data Augmentation for Offensive Language Detection: Is It Worth It? (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: generative data augmentation has been shown to be effective in offensive language detection but the potential for bias injection has not been investigated.
Approach: They propose to investigate the robustness of models trained on generated data in a variety of data augmentation setups and analyze models using the HateCheck suite.
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HARALD: Augmenting Hate Speech Data Sets with Real Data (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Hate speech detection depends on the availability of variable labeled data.
Approach: They propose a method that uses real unlabelled data from online platforms to augment existing models by harvesting and processing it.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves the classification performance of hate speech classification models.
Exploring Data Augmentation Strategies for Hate Speech Detection in Roman Urdu (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a number of social media platforms are generating hateful content, a new study finds . augmentation techniques are needed to improve the performance of the models .
Approach: They evaluate different data augmentation techniques for the improvement of hate speech detection in Roman Urdu.
Outcome: The proposed techniques improve hate speech detection in Roman Urdu on two datasets.
Data-Efficient Methods For Improving Hate Speech Detection (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for hate speech detection are data-hungry and require large datasets.
Approach: They propose an input-level data augmentation technique EasyMix to improve hate speech detection in english and multilingual datasets.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the performance across english and multilingual datasets by 1% and 2-8%.
Leveraging Intra-User and Inter-User Representation Learning for Automated Hate Speech Detection (N18-2)

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Challenge: Existing methods that focus on a single tweet as input are likely to yield high false positive and negative rates.
Approach: They propose a model that leverages intra-user and inter-user representation learning to improve hate speech detection on Twitter by suppressing the noise in a single Tweet.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves the f-score of a strong bidirectional LSTM model by 10.1%.
Playing the Part of the Sharp Bully: Generating Adversarial Examples for Implicit Hate Speech Detection (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing algorithms for hate speech detection focus on explicit forms of hate speech, but they fail to properly detect subtle and implicit HS messages.
Approach: They propose a framework for generating adversarial implicit HS short-text messages using Auto-regressive language models and a strategy to group the generated messages in complexity levels.
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Improving Adversarial Data Collection by Supporting Annotators: Lessons from GAHD, a German Hate Speech Dataset (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Hate speech detection models are only as good as the data they are trained on, but adversarial datasets are slow and costly . data sourced from social media suffer from systematic gaps and biases, leading to unreliable models with simplistic decision boundaries.
Approach: They propose a German Adversarial Hate speech Dataset comprising 11k examples . they explore new strategies for supporting annotators and provide manual analysis of disagreements for each strategy .
Outcome: The proposed dataset is challenging even for state-of-the-art hate speech detection models and it significantly improves model robustness.
Hatemoji: A Test Suite and Adversarially-Generated Dataset for Benchmarking and Detecting Emoji-Based Hate (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for detecting hate expressed with emojis have weaknesses when used for sensitive applications such as content moderation.
Approach: They propose a test suite of 3,930 short-form statements that evaluates hateful language expressed with emoji.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better on emoji-based hate while maintaining strong performance on text-only hate.

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