Challenge: Chain of thought (CoT) is used for complex reasoning problems, but hallucinations are a problem in multimodal CoT.
Approach: They propose a method to generate soft negative samples with different semantics to mitigate hallucinations in multimodal CoT.
Outcome: The proposed method mitigates hallucinations in multimodal CoT by using soft negative sampling.

Similar Papers

Generating Effective CoT Traces for Mitigating Causal Hallucination (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large language models suffer from severe causal hallucination in event causality identification (ECI) there is currently no metric for quantifying causal hallucinonation for small models .
Approach: They propose to fine-tune large language models with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) traces to mitigate hallucination in smaller models by introducing a new metric, the Causal Hallucinations Rate, which quantifies hallucinosity.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline reduces causal hallucination in smaller models and improves mean accuracy under intentionally misleading intervention prompts.
CCL-XCoT: An Efficient Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer Method for Mitigating Hallucination Generation (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multilingual Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit strong generalization across languages, yet they remain prone to hallucinations due to training data imbalances.
Approach: They propose a cross-lingual Chain-of-Thought framework that enhances cross-linguistic alignment . the framework guides the model to reason in a high-resource language before generating answers in low-resourced language.
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces hallucination rates by up to 62% and significantly improves factual knowledge transfer across language pairs.
CoT-RAG: Integrating Chain of Thought and Retrieval-Augmented Generation to Enhance Reasoning in Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Chain-of-thought reasoning has two key limitations: lack of reliability when solely relying on LLM-generated reasoning chains and interference from natural language reasoning steps with the models’ inference logic.
Approach: They propose a chain-of-thought reasoning framework with three key designs to address these issues.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the performance of large language models on complex tasks by incorporating knowledge graphs and learnable knowledge case-aware RAG.
SoftCoT: Soft Chain-of-Thought for Efficient Reasoning with LLMs (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to continuous-space reasoning focus on hard token decoding and suffer from catastrophic forgetting.
Approach: They propose a method that generates instance-specific soft thought tokens as the initial chain of thoughts and maps them into the LLM’s representation space via a trainable projection module.
Outcome: The proposed method improves LLM reasoning performance through supervised, parameter-efficient fine-tuning.
Focus on Your Question! Interpreting and Mitigating Toxic CoT Problems in Commonsense Reasoning (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models exhibit high-level commonsense reasoning abilities, especially with enhancement methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT).
Approach: They propose a chain-of-thought-like method to elicit models' potential abilities to generate rationales and answers that are based on attribution tracing and causal tracers to probe the internal working mechanism of the LLM.
Outcome: The proposed method eliminates Toxic CoT problems and improves the model’s overall commonsense reasoning performance by 5.5%.
Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflection (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Chain-of-thought (CoT) has been shown to improve the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs).
Approach: They propose a framework which iteratively enhances the model’s Vision-language Reasoning by Reflecting on CoT Rationales.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves multimodal reasoning on vision-language tasks by 23% to 60% over baselines.
FairCoT: Enhancing Fairness in Text-to-Image Generation via Chain of Thought Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: FairCoT enhances fairness in text-to-image generative models by integrating iterative reasoning . experimental evaluations demonstrate FairCot significantly enhances diversity without sacrificing image quality or semantic fidelity.
Approach: FairCoT is a framework that enhances fairness in text-to-image generative models . it employs iterative CoT refinement to mitigate biases and dynamically adjusts textual prompts .
Outcome: FairCoT combines iterative CoT refinement with iterating reasoning processes . it addresses limitations of zero-shot CoT in sensitive scenarios, authors say .
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Obscures Hallucination Cues in Large Language Models: An Empirical Evaluation (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can mitigate hallucinations by encouraging step-by-step reasoning, but its impact on halluciation detection remains underexplored.
Approach: They conduct an empirical evaluation of CoT prompting in Large Language Models (LLMs) to examine their impact on hallucination detection methods.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly affects the internal states and token probability distributions of the LLM.
Improve Vision Language Model Chain-of-thought Reasoning (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Current training recipes often rely on datasets dominated by short annotations with limited rationales, hindering the models' ability to generalize to tasks requiring comprehensive reasoning.
Approach: They propose a two-stage post-training strategy that augments short answers with CoT reasoning generated by GPT-4o, enhancing the VLM's CoT capabilities through fine-tuning.
Outcome: The proposed strategy enhances the model's CoT capabilities through fine-tuning and reinforcement learning.
Unearthing Gems from Stones: Policy Optimization with Negative Sample Augmentation for LLM Reasoning (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent advances in reasoning language models have witnessed a paradigm shift from short to long CoT pattern.
Approach: They propose a behavior-constrained policy gradient with negative sample augmented (BCPG-NSA) negative steps are valuable components in long CoT models, authors argue .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines on math/coding reasoning benchmarks using the same training dataset.

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