Challenge: Continual learning models adapt well to the latest data but lose ability to remember past data due to changes in the data source.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical replay framework that allows models to keep a small memory of previous learned data that uses replay.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms previous continual learning methods in mitigating catastrophic forgetting.

Similar Papers

A Generative Adaptive Replay Continual Learning Model for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing Continual Learning (CL)-based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning methods are incomplete and reorganize historical facts without preserving historical knowledge.
Approach: They propose a method which generates and adaptively replays historical entity distributions from the whole historical context.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines in reasoning and mitigating forgetting.
RECALL: REpresentation-aligned Catastrophic-forgetting ALLeviation via Hierarchical Model Merging (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models that require task labels or performance trade-offs are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting.
Approach: They propose a representation-aware model merging framework for continual learning without access to historical data.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines in knowledge retention and generalization across five NLP tasks and multiple continual learning scenarios.
History repeats: Overcoming catastrophic forgetting for event-centric temporal knowledge graph completion (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for knowledge graph completion are incomplete and can lead to errors . retraining the model with the entire updated TKG can mitigate forgetting but is computationally burdensome.
Approach: They propose a temporal regularization framework that allows repurposing of parameters . they propose 'clustering-based experience replay' that reinforces the past knowledge .
Outcome: The proposed framework adapts to new events while reducing catastrophic forgetting.
InfoCL: Alleviating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Text Classification from An Information Theoretic Perspective (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent studies have identified the severe performance decrease on analogous classes as a key factor for catastrophic forgetting.
Approach: They propose a replay-based continual text classification method that uses fast-slow and current-past contrastive learning to perform mutual information maximization and better recover previously learned representations.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art on three text classification tasks.
Hierarchical-Task-Aware Multi-modal Mixture of Incremental LoRA Experts for Embodied Continual Learning (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing continual learning setups for embodied intelligence focus on executing low-level actions, neglecting the ability to learn high-level planning and multi-level knowledge.
Approach: They propose a Hierarchical Embodied Continual Learning Setups (HEC) that divides the agent’s continual learning process into two layers: high-level instructions and low-level actions.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the forgetting of old tasks compared to other methods, while orthogonally training the remaining parts.
FOREVER: Forgetting Curve-Inspired Memory Replay for Language Model Continual Learning (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Continual learning (CL) for large language models (LLMs) aims to enable sequential knowledge acquisition without catastrophic forgetting.
Approach: They propose a framework that aligns replay schedules with a model-centric notion of time.
Outcome: Experiments on three benchmarks show that FOREVER consistently mitigates catastrophic forgetting.
Total Recall: a Customized Continual Learning Method for Neural Semantic Parsers (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for continual learning for semantic parsing fail to account for special properties of structured outputs . retraining from scratch is not feasible due to the fast growing number of tasks .
Approach: They propose a continual learning method that uses sequential learning to learn tasks without accessing full training data from previous tasks.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves a 3-6 times speedup compared to re-training from scratch.
Continual Learning for Natural Language Generation in Task-oriented Dialog Systems (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing neural approaches for natural language generation are typically developed offline for specific domains.
Approach: They propose a method to expand NLG knowledge incrementally to new domains . major challenge is catastrophic forgetting, meaning a model forgets the knowledge it has learned before .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms other methods by effectively mitigating catastrophic forgetting issue.
Rehearsal-Free Modular and Compositional Continual Learning for Language Models (2024.naacl-short)

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Challenge: Existing methods to overcome catastrophic forgetting are rehearsal-based and parameter isolation-based.
Approach: They propose a rehearsal-free framework which continuously adds new modules to language models and composes them with existing modules.
Outcome: Experiments on benchmarks show that MoCL outperforms state-of-the-art and effectively facilitates knowledge transfer.
Continual Lifelong Learning in Natural Language Processing: A Survey (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to continual learning (CL) are costly and time-consuming.
Approach: They propose to examine the problem of continual learning in NLP through the lens of various NLP tasks and provide a critical review of existing methods.
Outcome: The proposed methods are critical to the development of CL models and provide a critical review of existing methods and datasets.

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