Challenge: Recent studies have used Large Language Models to help decision-making and planning in environments, but their capacity to acquire environmental knowledge and adapt in an open world remains uncertain.
Approach: They propose an approach to spur LLMs to explore the open world, gather experiences, and learn to improve their task-solving capabilities by using a feedback-revision mechanism.
Outcome: The proposed model enhances the efficiency of the LLM in exploring the open world and improves its ability to accomplish more tasks through fine-tuning with merely 1.3k instances of collected data, showing minimal training costs compared to baseline using reinforcement learning.

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Challenge: Instruction-fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) under 14B parameters underperform on NLU tasks . we explore a framework to improve the NLU capabilities of LLMs .
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Language Adaptation of Large Language Models: An Empirical Study on LLaMA2 (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) has seen a skyrocketing increase in recent years.
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Feedback-Driven Tool-Use Improvements in Large Language Models via Automated Build Environments (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Currently, there are no efficient reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks specifically designed for tool use.
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Language Guided Exploration for RL Agents in Text Environments (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Real-world sequential decision making is characterized by sparse rewards and large decision spaces.
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Enhancing Efficiency and Exploration in Reinforcement Learning for LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches allocate an equal number of rollouts to all questions during the RL process, which is inefficient.
Approach: They propose a mechanism for dynamically allocating rollout budgets based on the difficulty of the problems, enabling more efficient RL training.
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From Tarzan to Tolkien: Controlling the Language Proficiency Level of LLMs for Content Generation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) often output text at a native level of speech, making them difficult to use for contexts where end-users are not fully proficient.
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AdaRefiner: Refining Decisions of Language Models with Adaptive Feedback (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success across various domains, but their application in complex decision-making tasks often necessitates intricate prompt engineering or fine-tuning.
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Can Small Language Models Help Large Language Models Reason Better?: LM-Guided Chain-of-Thought (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing frameworks for guiding a language model in reasoning tasks are limited by their tendency to generate low-quality rationales that are repetitive and vacuous.
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LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models (2024.acl-demos)

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Challenge: Efficient fine-tuning of large language models requires non-trivial efforts to implement these methods on different models.
Approach: They propose a framework that democratizes the fine-tuning of large language models by integrating a suite of efficient training methods into one framework.
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VEEF-Multi-LLM: Effective Vocabulary Expansion and Parameter Efficient Finetuning Towards Multilingual Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have a significant disadvantage for low-resource languages . VEEF-Multi-LLM-8B excels in multilingual instruction-following tasks .
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