Challenge: i-Code V2 is one of the first models capable of generating natural language from any combination of Vision, Language, and Speech data.
Approach: They propose to create a model that can generate natural language from any combination of Vision, Language, and Speech data.
Outcome: i-Code V2 matches or outperforms state-of-the-art single- and dual-modality baselines on 7 multimodal tasks.

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World to Code: Multi-modal Data Generation via Self-Instructed Compositional Captioning and Filtering (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Vision-Language Models and the scarcity of high-quality multi-modal alignment data have inspired numerous researches on synthetic VLM data generation.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal data construction pipeline that organizes the final output into a Python code format.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline improves visual question answering and visual grounding benchmarks across different VLMs.
Autoregressive Pre-Training on Pixels and Texts (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: pixel-based language modeling integrates visual and textual data to improve performance of language models.
Approach: They propose a method that integrates visual and textual data into an autoregressive framework.
Outcome: The proposed method improves performance of pixel-based language models by incorporating visual and textual data.
Omni-I2C: A Holistic Benchmark for High-Fidelity Image-to-Code Generation (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: a benchmark is designed to evaluate the capability of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) in converting complex, structured digital graphics into executable code.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate the capability of Large Multimodal Models to convert digital graphics into executable code.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark exposes the performance gap among leading LMMs . the benchmark features 1130 meticulously curated samples .
Be Different to Be Better! A Benchmark to Leverage the Complementarity of Language and Vision (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: BD2BB is a language and vision benchmark that requires multimodal models combine complementary information from the two modalities.
Approach: They propose a novel language and vision benchmark that requires multimodal models combine complementary information from both modalities.
Outcome: The proposed model is easy for humans, but poor for humans . it compares state-of-the-art models against human speakers to show that it performs well.
Multimodal Pretraining Unmasked: A Meta-Analysis and a Unified Framework of Vision-and-Language BERTs (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Large-scale pretraining and task-specific fine-tuning are now the standard methodology for many tasks in computer vision and natural language processing.
Approach: They propose to combine two types of vision and language BERTs to create a theoretical framework that can be unified under different theoretical frameworks.
Outcome: The proposed models can be classified into single-stream or dual-stream encoders and are unified under a single theoretical framework.
UnifiedVisual: A Framework for Constructing Unified Vision-Language Datasets (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing datasets address understanding and generation in isolation, limiting the performance of unified vision large language models.
Approach: They propose a dataset that facilitates mutual enhancement between multimodal understanding and generation.
Outcome: The proposed framework integrates diverse visual and textual inputs and outputs, enabling comprehensive cross-modal reasoning and precise text-to-image alignment.
Plot2Code: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-modal Large Language Models in Code Generation from Scientific Plots (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Multi-modal Large Language Models have shown remarkable progress in visual contexts, yet their ability to convert visual figures into executable code remains underexplored.
Approach: They propose to use a set of visual coding metrics to assess MLLMs' visual . pass rate, text-match ratio, and GPT-4V rating judgement to assess the quality of generated code and rendered images.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark includes 132 high-quality matplotlib plots across six plot types, as well as 150 and 86 plots from Python’s and R’s plotly libraries respectively, totaling 368 plots.
JumpCoder: Go Beyond Autoregressive Coder via Online Modification (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing code large language models lack reversibility and autoregressive sequential generation is incapable of correcting previous missing statements as humans do.
Approach: They propose a model-agnostic framework that enables human-like online modification and non-sequential generation to augment code large language models.
Outcome: The proposed framework enables human-like modification and non-sequential generation to augment code large language models.
Let’s Fuse Step by Step: A Generative Fusion Decoding Algorithm with LLMs for Robust and Instruction-Aware ASR and OCR (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Various fusion strategies have been explored for integration of large language models into multi-modal systems.
Approach: They propose a framework for deep fusion decoding that integrates large language models into cross-modal text recognition systems.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses cascaded methods in English and Mandarin, and significantly reduces WERs by 17.7%.
MIO: A Foundation Model on Multimodal Tokens (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models lack multimodal understanding capabilities, resulting in closed-source model that does not support multimodal interleaved sequences.
Approach: They propose a foundation model built on multimodal tokens capable of understanding and generating speech, text, images, and videos in an end-to-end, autoregressive manner.
Outcome: The proposed model is able to understand speech, text, images, and videos in an end-to-end, autoregressive manner.

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