Challenge: Increasingly, large language models (LLMs) are able to understand and rationalize socially acceptable behaviors, but they are often misaligned with human consensus.
Approach: They propose a multi-step prompting framework that verbalizes a social situation from multiple perspectives before forming a judgment.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the alignment with human judgments by up to 11 F1 points with the GPT-3.5 model.

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Challenge: Existing methods to assess social-pragmatic inference in large language models are inadequacy, and preferential tuning is the best approach.
Approach: They propose to use free-form models' responses as a measure to assess social-pragmatic reasoning and advocate for preference optimization over supervised finetuning (SFT).
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NormAd: A Framework for Measuring the Cultural Adaptability of Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are widely used and engage millions of users from diverse contexts and cultures.
Approach: They propose an evaluation framework to assess LLMs’ cultural adaptability by measuring their ability to judge social acceptability across varying levels of cultural norm specificity.
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Social Intelligence in the Age of LLMs (2025.naacl-tutorial)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful tool for integrating human-like communication and context-aware interactions into artificial systems.
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SocialEval: Evaluating Social Intelligence of Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing work on LLMs does not address their social intelligence (SI) and their discrepancy with humans.
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Measuring Social Norms of Large Language Models (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing datasets that evaluate a general understanding of social science are inadequate to understand social norms.
Approach: They propose a multi-agent framework to improve large language models’ ability to understand social norms by comparing them to elementary students.
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How Inclusively do LMs Perceive Social and Moral Norms? (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Language models (LMs) are used in decision-making systems and as interactive assistants.
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Are Large Language Models (LLMs) Good Social Predictors? (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies suggest that Large Language Models can generate human-like responses, but it is unclear how well they work and where the plausible predictions derive from.
Approach: They propose to use LLMs to generate human-like responses by mutability and accessibility of social inputs to perform a social prediction task.
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Do LLMs Align Human Values Regarding Social Biases? Judging and Explaining Social Biases with LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large language models can lead to undesired consequences when misaligned with human values . previous studies have shown misalignment of LLMs with human value using expert-designed or agent-based emulated bias scenarios .
Approach: They investigate whether large language models (LLMs) are misaligned with human values . they find no significant differences in understanding of HVSB between LLMs .
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Do LLMs Understand Social Knowledge? Evaluating the Sociability of Large Language Models with SocKET Benchmark (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks of social language are lacking for large language models.
Approach: They propose a new benchmark that measures how well large language models understand social language by grouping 58 tasks into five categories: humor & sarcasm, offensiveness, sentiment & emotion, and trustworthiness.
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To Mask or to Mirror: Human-AI Alignment in Collective Reasoning (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to model and augment collective decision-making.
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Outcome: The proposed framework compares LLMs with human-AI alignment on the Lost at Sea social psychology task.

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