Challenge: Extreme multi-label text classification (EMTC) involves predicting multiple labels from a vast pool of candidates based on a user’s textual query.
Approach: They propose a Quantized and Efficient Learning with Sampling Technique that uses a hash sampling module to reduce the data volume to one-fourth of its original size.
Outcome: Extensive experiments show that QUEST outperforms existing methods while requiring fewer computational resources.

Similar Papers

Enhancing Extreme Multi-Label Text Classification: Addressing Challenges in Model, Data, and Evaluation (2023.emnlp-industry)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing approaches to extreme multi-label text classification face inherent challenges in terms of model, data, and evaluation.
Approach: They propose a label ranking model as an alternative to the conventional SciBERT-based classification model and an active learning-based pipeline that addresses the data scarcity of new labels during the update of a classification system.
Outcome: The proposed model enables efficient handling of large-scale labels and accommodates new labels.
Large Language Model as a Teacher for Zero-shot Tagging at Extreme Scales (2025.coling-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Extreme Zero-shot XMC uses lightweight bi-encoders to identify pseudo labels . state-of-the-art methods rely on suboptimal labels for training .
Approach: They propose a framework that uses a lightweight bi-encoder to identify high-quality pseudo labels during training while employing a lightweight bi-coder for efficient inference.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves superior performance and efficiency over existing methods.
Investigating Active Learning Sampling Strategies for Extreme Multi Label Text Classification (2022.lrec-1)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Large scale, multi-label text datasets with high numbers of different classes are expensive to annotate due to domain experts taking a lot of time working through all the classes.
Approach: They propose to build classifiers on multi-label text datasets using Active Learning to reduce labeling effort.
Outcome: The proposed classifiers can be used to reduce labeling effort on multi-label datasets.
Long-tailed Extreme Multi-label Text Classification by the Retrieval of Generated Pseudo Label Descriptions (2023.findings-eacl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Extreme Multi-label text classification (XMTC) is a tough challenge due to the sheer size of the label spaces and the severe data scarcity problem associated with the long tail of rare labels in highly skewed distributions.
Approach: They propose to use a trained bag-of-words classifier to generate pseudo label descriptions from a training bag- of-word classifier.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms the existing models in the tail label prediction problem and achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on XMTC benchmark datasets.
Prototypical Extreme Multi-label Classification with a Dynamic Margin Loss (2025.naacl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Recent work in XMC addresses this problem using deep encoders that project text descriptions to an embedding space suitable for recovering the closest labels.
Approach: They propose a method that uses a shallow transformer encoder to combine text-based embeddings, label centroids and learnable free vectors to improve XMC efficiency.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art in several public benchmarks of different sizes and domains while keeping the model efficient.
Extreme Zero-Shot Learning for Extreme Text Classification (2022.naacl-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Experimental results show that MACLR achieves superior performance compared to other baseline methods.
Approach: They propose to pre-train Transformer-based encoders with self-supervised contrastive losses to learn the semantic embeddings of instances and labels with raw text.
Outcome: The proposed method improves on the EZ-XMC model with a limited number of ground-truth positive pairs.
GPT3Mix: Leveraging Large-scale Language Models for Text Augmentation (2021.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Recent studies report that prompt-based direct classification eliminates the need for fine-tuning but lacks data and inference scalability.
Approach: They propose a data augmentation technique that leverages large-scale language models to generate real text samples from a mixture of real samples.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on diverse classification tasks.
Can Large Language Models Serve as Effective Classifiers for Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification of Scientific Documents at Industrial Scale? (2025.coling-industry)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in complex tasks such as multi-label classification, but the vast number of labels can exceed LLMs’ input limits.
Approach: They propose a method that integrates large language models with dense retrieval techniques to overcome these challenges.
Outcome: The proposed methods avoid frequent retraining by leveraging zero-shot and few-shot learning for real-time label assignment.
XMC-Agent : Dynamic Navigation over Scalable Hierarchical Index for Incremental Extreme Multi-label Classification (2024.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing methods for XMC struggle with the growing set of labels due to their static label assumptions, and embedding-based methods struggle with complex mapping relationships due to late interaction paradigm.
Approach: They propose a large language model (LLM) powered agent framework for extreme multi-label classification, XMC-Agent, which can effectively learn, manage and predict the extremely large and dynamically increasing set of labels.
Outcome: The proposed framework can learn, manage and predict the extremely large and dynamically growing set of labels and achieves state-of-the-art performance on three standard datasets.
From Text Segmentation to Enhanced Representation Learning: A Novel Approach to Multi-Label Classification for Long Texts (2024.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing models rely on pre-trained language models, which have a maximum input sequence length of 512 tokens, and therefore have 'input length limitation'.
Approach: They propose a text segmentation algorithm which guarantees to produce the optimal segmentation to address the issue of input length limitation caused by PLMs.
Outcome: The proposed method improves both text and label representations on MLTC datasets, unraveling the intricate correlations between texts and labels.

What is GenGO?

GenGO is an NLP powered publication search system. It currenctly indexes 30k+ papers from ACL Anthology, and implements multi-aspect summarization, semantic search, and more!

Information

About
Limitations