| Challenge: | Existing Video Large Language Models neglect temporal information in video data, leading to struggles with temporal-aware video understanding. |
| Approach: | They propose a Time Gating Video LLM (TG-Vid) that employs a time gating module to enhance temporal modeling. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing Large Language Models on video-and-language tasks and ablation studies show that the model outpersforms the existing models. |
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TemporalVLM: Video LLMs for Temporal Reasoning in Long Videos (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Several video understanding applications require the ability of temporal reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a video large language model for temporal reasoning and fine-grained understanding in long videos. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing methods in time and motion studies and temporal action segmentation evaluations. |
TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos? (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks on video large language models lack a comprehensive feedback on temporal perception ability . current models cannot distinguish between different temporal aspects and are limited in task formats . |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate temporal perception ability of video large language models . they construct conflicting videos that share the same static content but differ in a specific temporal aspect . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show that video large language models exhibit poor temporal perception ability. |
Mitigating the Discrepancy Between Video and Text Temporal Sequences: A Time-Perception Enhanced Video Grounding method for LLM (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing video LLMs excel at capturing the overall description of a video but lack the ability to demonstrate an understanding of temporal dynamics and localized content within the video. |
| Approach: | They propose a Time-Perception Enhanced Video Grounding via Boundary Perception and Temporal Reasoning to improve LLMs' understanding of video temporality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on three datasets: ActivityNet, Charades, and DiDeMo (up to 11.2% improvement on R@0.3). |
VideoINSTA: Zero-shot Long Video Understanding via Informative Spatial-Temporal Reasoning with LLMs (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Long video understanding presents unique challenges due to the complexity of reasoning over extended timespans. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework VideoINSTA to leverage large language models for video understanding . they propose 'event-based temporalreasoning' and 'content-based spatial reasoning' |
| Outcome: | The proposed model significantly improves state-of-the-art on three long video question-answering benchmarks. |
VideoPASTA: 7K Preference Pairs That Matter for Video-LLM Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Video-language models excel at understanding video content but struggle with spatial relationships, temporal ordering, and cross-frame continuity. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that trains video-LLMs to distinguish accurate representations from carefully crafted adversarial examples. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that VideoPASTA improves performance without human annotation or captioning . the framework can be used on various state-of-the-art video-LLMs with no human annotation . |
Grounded-VideoLLM: Sharpening Fine-grained Temporal Grounding in Video Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Haibo Wang, Zhiyang Xu, Yu Cheng, Shizhe Diao, Yufan Zhou, Yixin Cao, Qifan Wang, Weifeng Ge, Lifu Huang
| Challenge: | Video Large Language Models (VLMs) have been praised for their performance in coarse-grained video understanding but still face ineffective temporal grounding and inadequate timestamp representations. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel Video-LLM that senses and reasoned over specific video moments with fine-grained temporal precision. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model surpasses existing models in fine-grained video understanding tasks and exhibits strong potential as a general video understanding assistant. |
Perceive the Passage of Time: A Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Model in Temporal Relativity (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Temporal perception is crucial for Large Language Models to understand the world. |
| Approach: | They propose a temporal-relative ability benchmark to evaluate LLMs' temporal perception . they conduct extensive experiments on popular LLM GPT-4 scenarios . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show a significant performance gap between LLMs and humans in temporal-relative capability. |
Language-Guided Temporal Token Pruning for Efficient VideoLLM Processing (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Current models struggle with long-form videos due to the quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms. |
| Approach: | They propose a model-agnostic framework that leverages temporal cues from queries to prune video tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces computation by 65% while preserving 97-99% of original performance. |
TimeBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Temporal Reasoning Abilities in Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Grasping the concept of time is a fundamental facet of human cognition. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical temporal reasoning benchmark that covers a broad spectrum of temporal phenomena. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark shows that state-of-the-art LLMs are still far behind humans in temporal reasoning . |
A Picture is Worth A Thousand Numbers: Enabling LLMs Reason about Time Series via Visualization (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful reasoning abilities across multiple domains, but have been underexplored for time-series reasoning (TsR) |
| Approach: | They propose a prompt-based solution for evaluating large language models’ TsR performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed solution improves performance and costs by 140% and reduces costs by 99%. |