Challenge: Existing datasets for empathy modeling are limited in the ways they are not captured in the wild.
Approach: They propose a multimodal dataset for empathy during personal experience sharing that contains 53 hours of video, audio, and text data of 41 participants.
Outcome: The EmpathicStories++ dataset contains 53 hours of video, audio, and text data of 41 participants sharing vulnerable experiences and reading empathically resonant stories with an AI agent.

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Modeling Empathic Similarity in Personal Narratives (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: EmpathicStories is a dataset of 1,500 personal stories annotated with empathic similarity features and 2,000 pairs of stories annnotated by empathism.
Approach: They propose a task to identify similarity in personal stories based on empathic resonance . they use a dataset of 1,500 personal stories annotated with empathism features .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms semantic similarity models on correlation and retrieval metrics.
From Traits to Empathy: Personality-Aware Multimodal Empathetic Response Generation (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches focus on acquiring affective and cognitive knowledge from text, but neglect the unique personality traits of individuals and the inherently multimodal nature of human face-to-face conversation.
Approach: They propose a multimodal dialogue system that generates empathetic responses from a perspective that considers the personality traits of users.
Outcome: The proposed system generates empathetic responses from a multimodal perspective and analyzes multimodal data to understand the user’s emotional state and situation.
AcnEmpathize: A Dataset for Understanding Empathy in Dermatology Conversations (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on empathy and mental health-related corpora focus on broader contexts and lack domain specificity.
Approach: They propose a dataset that captures empathy expressed in acne-related discussions from forum posts focused on its emotional and psychological effects.
Outcome: The AcnEmpathize dataset shows that it performs well at empathy classification.
Towards Empathetic Open-domain Conversation Models: A New Benchmark and Dataset (P19-1)

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Challenge: EmpatheticDialogues dataset provides a benchmark for empathetic dialogue generation . human evaluators perceive dialogue models as more epathetic .
Approach: They propose a benchmark for empathetic dialogue generation from a dataset of 25k conversations grounded in emotional situations.
Outcome: The proposed benchmarks show that existing models are perceived to be more empathetic by human evaluators compared to models trained on large-scale Internet conversations.
A Taxonomy of Empathetic Response Intents in Human Social Conversations (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Open-domain conversational agents or chatbots are becoming increasingly popular in the natural language processing community.
Approach: They aim to combine dialogue act/intent modelling and neural response generation to produce a large-scale taxonomy for empathetic response intents.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the response quality of chatbots and makes them more controllable and interpretable.
Can Machines Resonate with Humans? Evaluating the Emotional and Empathic Comprehension of LMs (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Empathy plays a pivotal role in fostering prosocial behavior, often triggered by the sharing of personal experiences through narratives.
Approach: They propose to use contrastive learning with masked LMs and supervised fine-tuning with large language models to improve empathy understanding in NLP models.
Outcome: The proposed methods show that there is low agreement among annotators and that cultural differences are a factor in their interpretation of empathy.
EmpHi: Generating Empathetic Responses with Human-like Intents (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing empathetic dialogue models lack emotion-dependent response generation . elaine mccartney: "i'm sorry to hear that! "
Approach: They propose a model to generate empathetic responses with human-consistent intents . they aim to address the bias of the empathic intent distribution between epd models and humans .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of empathy, relevance, and diversity on automatic and human evaluation.
A Large-Scale Dataset for Empathetic Response Generation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing empathetic datasets are limited in size and cost due to the cost of manual labor.
Approach: They propose to annotate 1M dialogues with 32 fine-grained emotions and eight empathetic response intents and the Neutral category using a silver dataset.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline compares the quality of the proposed dataset with a state-of-the-art gold dataset using offline experiments and visual validation methods.
EmpathyEar: An Open-source Avatar Multimodal Empathetic Chatbot (2024.acl-demos)

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Challenge: EmpathyEar is an open-source, avatar-based multimodal empathetic chatbot . currently, ERG systems rely on text, sound, and vision .
Approach: They propose an open-source, avatar-based multimodal empathetic chatbot to fill the gap in traditional text-only ERG systems.
Outcome: The proposed system enables users to generate emotional responses to user queries . it can also generate avatars with talking faces and synchronized speeches .
A Computational Approach to Understanding Empathy Expressed in Text-Based Mental Health Support (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Empathy measurement has predominantly occurred in synchronous, face-to-face settings, and may not translate to asynchronous, text-based contexts.
Approach: They propose a computational approach to understanding how empathy is expressed in online mental health platforms.
Outcome: The proposed model can identify empathic conversations and extract rationales from them.

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