| Challenge: | Large Language Models are highly capable systems, but their capabilities and limitations are unclear. |
| Approach: | They develop a benchmark that challenges LLMs to recall all information they possess on specific topics. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can recall excessive, insufficient, or the precise amount of information they possess on a given topic, indicating their awareness of how much they know about the given topic. |
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| Challenge: | Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are unparalleled in their ability to generate grammatically correct, fluent text. |
| Approach: | They argue that LLMs only parrot statistical patterns in training data and that language learning in LLM cannot inform human language learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can generate grammatically correct, fluent text without requiring human intervention. |
Do Large Language Models Know What They Don’t Know? (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have vast knowledge that allows them to excel in various NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an automated method to detect uncertainty in the responses of large language models and a dataset to measure their self-knowledge. |
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Knowledge Boundary of Large Language Models: A Survey (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) store vast amount of knowledge in their parameters, but they still have limitations in the memorization and utilization of certain knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a comprehensive definition of the LLM knowledge boundary and introduce a formalized taxonomy categorizing knowledge into four distinct types. |
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Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Survey (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence that plays a crucial role in many intellectual activities. |
| Approach: | They propose to improve LLMs' ability to elicit reasoning by providing exemplars or prompts to model reasoning. |
| Outcome: | This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on reasoning in large language models. |
How Do Large Language Models Capture the Ever-changing World Knowledge? A Review of Recent Advances (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are impressive in solving tasks, but they can quickly be outdated after deployment. |
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Working Memory Identifies Reasoning Limits in Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Using large language models, we examine the limitations of their cognitive capabilities and their working memory. |
| Approach: | They examine the limitations of large language models from a scaling perspective . they also assess various prompting strategies, revealing their diverse impacts on LLM performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models perform poorly on n-back tasks and on prompting strategies. |
Quantifying Association Capabilities of Large Language Models and Its Implications on Privacy Leakage (2024.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | a new study examines the association capabilities of large language models . as models scale up, their ability to associate entities/information intensifies . however, there is a performance gap when associating commonsense knowledge versus PII, with the latter showing lower accuracy. |
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Understanding the Capabilities and Limitations of Large Language Models for Cultural Commonsense (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial commonsense understanding through numerous benchmark evaluations. |
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A Systematic Survey and Critical Review on Evaluating Large Language Models: Challenges, Limitations, and Recommendations (2024.emnlp-main)
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Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar, Sawsan Alqahtani, M Saiful Bari, Mizanur Rahman, Mohammad Abdullah Matin Khan, Haidar Khan, Israt Jahan, Amran Bhuiyan, Chee Wei Tan, Md Rizwan Parvez, Enamul Hoque, Shafiq Joty, Jimmy Huang
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| Outcome: | The proposed evaluations are reproducible, reliable, and robust. |
Assessing the Capabilities of Large Language Models in Coreference: An Evaluation (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are a new approach to coreference resolution, but their performance is not yet fully understood. |
| Approach: | They propose that future efforts should improve scope, data, and evaluation methods of traditional coreference research to adapt to the development of LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve scope, data, and evaluation methods of traditional coreference research to adapt to the development of LLMs. |