Challenge: Large vision-language models (LVLMs) often hallucinate and produce captions that mention concepts that cannot be found in the image.
Approach: They propose to add grounding objectives to captions that explicitly align image regions or objects to text spans to reduce hallucination.
Outcome: The proposed evaluation protocol reduces the amount of hallucination in LVLMs by adding grounding objectives.

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Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large vision-language models (LVLMs) suffer from object hallucinations, i.e., they tend to generate objects inconsistent with the target images in the descriptions.
Approach: They propose to integrate powerful large vision-language models (LVLMs) they propose a polling-based query method to evaluate object hallucination .
Outcome: The proposed model can evaluate object hallucination in a more stable and flexible way.
Plausible May Not Be Faithful: Probing Object Hallucination in Vision-Language Pre-training (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Large-scale vision-language pre-trained (VLP) models generate unfaithful or nonsensical texts given the source input, which is called hallucination.
Approach: They propose a VLP loss-based model to mitigate object hallucination by decoupling VLP objectives and a token-level image-text alignment.
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Evaluating and Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models: Can They Still See Removed Objects? (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: LVLMs often mistakenly determine objects as present in images where they do not exist . authors propose a new benchmark to evaluate object hallucinations by removing objects from images and asking the model whether it can still see the removed objects.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate object hallucinations by removing objects from images . they propose oDPO, a direct preference optimization objective based on visual objects .
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Investigating and Mitigating the Multimodal Hallucination Snowballing in Large Vision-Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) suffer from multimodal hallucinations . however, the generated hallucines could influence the models’ subsequent generation .
Approach: They propose a framework to evaluate LVLMs' behaviors when encountering generated hallucinations and a method to revise the output distribution of LVLs with the one derived from the residual visual input.
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces the performance of open-source LVLMs by 31%, indicating that they are prone to accept the generated hallucinations and make false claims that they would not have supported without distractions.
Object Hallucination in Image Captioning (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing image captioning metrics do not capture image relevance . current metrics only measure similarity to ground truth captions .
Approach: They propose a new image relevance metric to evaluate captioning models with veridical visual labels and assess their rate of object hallucination.
Outcome: The proposed metrics show that models with veridical visual labels have higher hallucination rates than models with lower hallucinosity.
Towards Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models by Refining Textual Embeddings (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are a persistent challenge, stemming from inadequate integration of visual information during multimodal reasoning.
Approach: They propose a visual feature incorporation method that encourages the model to learn visually-informed textual embeddings distinct from those of the base LLM and promotes a more balanced attention distribution.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly reduces hallucinations and fosters more balanced multimodal reasoning.
Visual Evidence Prompting Mitigates Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: LVLMs have shown impressive progress by integrating visual perception with linguistic understanding to produce contextually grounded outputs.
Approach: They propose a visual evidence prompting method to mitigate hallucinations in large vision-language models by using small visual models to complement them.
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Diving into Mitigating Hallucinations from a Vision Perspective for Large Vision-Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks focus on coarse-grained hallucination detection and fail to capture hallucinics . vision encoders exhibit unique hallucinian characteristics, but suboptimal of simple feature fusion.
Approach: They propose a visual encoder that employs different training paradigms to instill inductive biases in visual encoded models.
Outcome: The proposed system reduces hallucinations and improves model performance.
Beyond Logit Lens: Contextual Embeddings for Robust Hallucination Detection & Grounding in VLMs (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large Multimodal Models are plagued by hallucinations that limit their reliability and adoption.
Approach: They propose a method that leverages contextual token embeddings from LMMs to detect hallucinations.
Outcome: The proposed method improves hallucination detection and grounding across diverse categories while excelling in tasks requiring contextual understanding.
Can We Trust AI Doctors? A Survey of Medical Hallucination in Large Language and Large Vision-Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Hallucination is a critical challenge for large language models and large vision-language models (LVLMs) however, dedicated research on medical hallucinations remains unexplored.
Approach: They provide a unified perspective on medical hallucination for both LLMs and LVLMs, and delve into its causes.
Outcome: The proposed models have demonstrated impressive performance on a variety of medical benchmarks.

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