Challenge: Textual analogies that make comparisons between two concepts are often used for explaining complex ideas, creative writing, and scientific discovery.
Approach: They propose a task that includes three synergistic tasks: detecting documents containing analogies, extracting text segments that make up the analogy, and identifying the (source and target) concepts being compared.
Outcome: The proposed task performs well on all sub-tasks and smaller models perform better than non-finetuned ChatGPT, suggesting high task difficulty.

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Challenge: Analogical reasoning is an important part of human communication, says a new study . a benchmark to determine analogical reasoning ability in language models is needed .
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ANALOGICAL - A Novel Benchmark for Long Text Analogy Evaluation in Large Language Models (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Modern large language models are evaluated on extrinsic measures based on benchmarks such as GLUE and SuperGLUE.
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Automatic Extraction of Metaphoric Analogies from Literary Texts: Task Formulation, Dataset Construction, and Evaluation (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown to be difficult to extract metaphors from free text because they can involve some implicit concepts and link dissimilar concepts.
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Multilingual Culture-Independent Word Analogy Datasets (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: In text processing, deep neural networks use word embeddings as an input.
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ParallelPARC: A Scalable Pipeline for Generating Natural-Language Analogies (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Analogy-making is a central to human cognition, allowing us to abstract information and understand novel situations in terms of familiar ones.
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Interpretable Text Embeddings and Text Similarity Explanation: A Survey (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Text embeddings are a fundamental component in many NLP tasks, but their interpretation and explanation remain challenging.
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MGAD: Multilingual Generation of Analogy Datasets (L18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for word embedding evaluation are computationally expensive and task-specific.
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AnaScore: Understanding Semantic Parallelism in Proportional Analogies (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: AnaScore metric aims to evaluate the strength of semantic parallelism in sentence analogies.
Approach: They propose an automatic metric to evaluate the strength of semantic parallelism in sentence analogies.
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Scientific and Creative Analogies in Pretrained Language Models (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing analogy datasets focus on a limited set of analogical relations with a high similarity of the two domains between which the analogy holds.
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StoryAnalogy: Deriving Story-level Analogies from Large Language Models to Unlock Analogical Understanding (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Analogy-making between narratives is crucial for human reasoning . despite its importance, there has been limited research on story analogies .
Approach: They construct a large-scale story-level analogy corpus with 24K story pairs . they find that the tasks are incredibly difficult for large language models such as ChatGPT .
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