Challenge: Existing cross-lingual transfer methods that use labeled data and linguistic resources would consume excessive resources for a large number of languages.
Approach: They propose a parameter-efficient cross-lingual transfer learning framework that utilizes a translation-based alignment method to mitigate multilingual disparities.
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces disparities among languages and improves cross-lingual transfer results in low-resource scenarios while keeping and fine-tuning only a small number of parameters.

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Challenge: Existing zero-shot cross-lingual transfer methods rely on parallel corpora or bilingual dictionaries . however, its effect is limited by the gap between embedding clusters of different languages .
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Efficiently Aligned Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning for Conversational Tasks using Prompt-Tuning (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual transfer of language models trained on high-resource languages such as English has been limited due to the high cost of obtaining non-English conversational data.
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Multilingual Multimodal Pre-training for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer of Vision-Language Models (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: a new study examines zero-shot cross-lingual transfer of vision-language models . we study multilingual text-to-video search in non-English languages without annotations .
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Optimal Transport Posterior Alignment for Cross-lingual Semantic Parsing (2023.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Existing work on cross-lingual semantic parsing has focused on English . a few-shot approach to parse from natural languages is comparatively unexplored .
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Cross-Lingual Representation Alignment Through Contrastive Image-Caption Tuning (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Multilingual alignment of sentence representations has mostly required bitexts to bridge the gap between languages.
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HyperPELT: Unified Parameter-Efficient Language Model Tuning for Both Language and Vision-and-Language Tasks (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Pretraining and fine-tuning are the dominant paradigms in natural language processing.
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Multilingual Pixel Representations for Translation and Effective Cross-lingual Transfer (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work shows that pixel representations can be finetuned across scripts without vocabulary extensions, adapters, or transliteration.
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Cross-Align: Modeling Deep Cross-lingual Interactions for Word Alignment (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing word alignment models capture few interactions between input sentence pairs, which severely degrades the word alignment quality.
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Cross-lingual and Multilingual CLIP (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: OpenAI released CLIP, a model that relates the textual and visual domains with unprecedented accuracy.
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Unifying Cross-Lingual Transfer across Scenarios of Resource Scarcity (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to deal with resource scarcity have not been developed to deal effectively with the problem.
Approach: They propose to use a set of tools to harness data from one or more high-resource "source" languages to compensate for a shortage of data in low-resourced "target" languages.
Outcome: The proposed technique can be easily adapted to unseen languages, extending the range of the proposed technique and translation-based transfer more broadly.

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