Challenge: Existing measures for image caption evaluation fail to capture dimensions of similarity . a novel method that leverages the zero-shot language modeling capabilities of large language models (LLMs) demonstrates a stronger correlation with human judgments of caption quality compared to existing measures.
Approach: They propose a method that leverages the zero-shot language modeling capabilities of large language models to evaluate captions.
Outcome: The proposed method shows a stronger correlation with human judgments of caption quality compared to other measures.

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics for image captioning are primarily designed for short captions and are not suitable for long captions.
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TIGEr: Text-to-Image Grounding for Image Caption Evaluation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing metrics based on text-level comparisons fail to assess the quality of captions produced by machines.
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CapArena: Benchmarking and Analyzing Detailed Image Captioning in the LLM Era (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Image captioning has been a challenge for vision-language researchers for decades . current VLMs focus on tasks like visual question answering (YA) but image captioning is not as advanced as expected.
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Evaluation of Multilingual Image Captioning: How far can we get with CLIP models? (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to evaluate image captions are English-centric, despite improvements in the CLIPScore metric . however, there are no available benchmarks for multilingual captioning evaluation .
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SPECS: Specificity-Enhanced CLIP-Score for Long Image Caption Evaluation (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: N-gram-based evaluation metrics are unreliable due to low correlation to human judgments.
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Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challenges (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.
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What do Large Language Models Need for Machine Translation Evaluation? (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing research shows that large language models can perform better in machine translation tasks.
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Enhancing Large Vision-Language Models with Ultra-Detailed Image Caption Generation (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing pipelines for generating high-quality, ultra-detailed image captions are limited by the scarcity of image caption data.
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GPT-4 as an Effective Zero-Shot Evaluator for Scientific Figure Captions (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing algorithms that generate captions for scientific figures are costly and dependent on author-written captions.
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Are Large Language Model-based Evaluators the Solution to Scaling Up Multilingual Evaluation? (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various tasks, but their evaluation, especially in languages beyond the top 20, remains inadequate due to existing benchmarks and metrics limitations.
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