Lukas Wolf, Tiago Pimentel, Evelina Fedorenko, Ryan Cotterell, Alex Warstadt, Ethan Wilcox, Tamar Regev
| Challenge: | Existing studies suggest partial redundancy between prosody and linguistic information. |
| Approach: | They use large language models to estimate how much information is redundant between prosody and the words themselves. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can predict prosodic features across prosodic features, including intensity, duration, pauses, and pitch contours. |
Similar Papers
The time scale of redundancy between prosody and linguistic context (2025.acl-long)
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Tamar I Regev, Chiebuka Ohams, Shaylee Xie, Lukas Wolf, Evelina Fedorenko, Alex Warstadt, Ethan Wilcox, Tiago Pimentel
| Challenge: | Prior work has shown that the information carried by prosodic features is substantially redundant with that carried by the surrounding words. |
| Approach: | They examine the time scale of this relationship, studying how it varies with the length of past and future contexts. |
| Outcome: | The results show that prosody features show some redundancy with future words, but only with a short scale of 1-2 words, consistent with reports of incremental short-term planning in language production. |
What Do Prosody and Text Convey? Characterizing How Meaningful Information is Distributed Across Multiple Channels (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Prosody—the melody of speech—conveys critical information often not captured by the words or text of a message. |
| Approach: | They propose an information-theoretic approach to quantify how much is conveyed by prosody that is not recoverable from text alone. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can quantify how much is conveyed by prosody that is not recoverable from text alone and crucially, what prosody conveys. |
Compilation of Corpora for the Study of the Information Structure–Prosody Interface (L18-1)
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| Challenge: | empirical studies on the Information Structure-prosody interface are scarce . thematicity defines how content is packaged in terms of "what is being talked about" a different view on thematicality is advocated by I. Mel'uk in the context of the MTT. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for the compilation of annotated corpora to study the correspondence between Information Structure and prosody. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is applied to a corpus of read speech in English annotated with hierarchical thematicity and automatically extracted prosodic parameters. |
Giving Attention to the Unexpected: Using Prosody Innovations in Disfluency Detection (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Disfluencies in spontaneous speech are associated with prosodic disruptions. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to extract acoustic-prosodic cues from word transcripts . they explore early and late fusion techniques for integrating text and prosody . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach shows gains over a high-accuracy text-only model. |
The Prosody of Emojis (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | emojis are useful in spoken communication because they add affective and pragmatic nuance to textual cues. |
| Approach: | They analyze human speech data to find prosodic features that are important in spoken communication. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model shows that speakers adapt prosody based on emoji cues, and that listeners can recover intended meanings significantly above chance. |
When Large Language Models Meet Speech: A Survey on Integration Approaches (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models have spurred interest in expanding their application beyond text-based tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to categorize the integration of speech with LLMs into three main approaches . they demonstrate how these methods are applied across various speech-related applications . |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods are applied across speech-related applications and highlight the challenges in this field to offer inspiration for future research. |
Pragmatics in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey on Datasets, Evaluation, Opportunities and Challenges (2025.acl-long)
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Bolei Ma, Yuting Li, Wei Zhou, Ziwei Gong, Yang Janet Liu, Katja Jasinskaja, Annemarie Friedrich, Julia Hirschberg, Frauke Kreuter, Barbara Plank
| Challenge: | linguistics studies how context influences meaning of language and how people use it to convey implied meanings, emotions, and intentions. |
| Approach: | They analyze task designs, data collection methods, evaluation approaches and their relevance to real-world applications. |
| Outcome: | The findings highlight emerging trends, challenges, and gaps in existing benchmarks . the findings will contribute to more nuanced and context-aware NLP models . |
ProsodyFlow: High-fidelity Text-to-Speech through Conditional Flow Matching and Prosody Modeling with Large Speech Language Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Text-to-speech (TTS) models have been developed to generate high-quality speech. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end TTS model that integrates large self-supervised speech models and conditional flow matching to model prosodic features effectively. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves synthesis quality and efficiency compared to existing models, showing that it generates more prosodic and expressive speech synthesizing. |
Low-Perplexity LLM-Generated Sequences and Where To Find Them (2025.acl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied across various domains, but the ways they leverage their training data during inference remains only partially understood. |
| Approach: | They propose a systematic approach that analyzes low-perplexity sequences and traces them back to their sources in the training data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline extracts low-perplexity sequences across diverse topics while avoiding degeneration, then trace them back to their sources in the training data. |
The Role of Prosody in Spoken Question Answering (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | lexical information is not available in most models, but prosody is important in understanding spoken language. |
| Approach: | They investigate the role of prosody in the process of answering a spoken question by isolating prosodic and lexical information from a natural speech dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models can perform reasonably well on the SLUE-SQA-5 dataset, but when lexical information is available, models tend to predominantly rely on it. |