Challenge: Compilation-based methods with performance models have poor measurement accuracy and transferability between platforms.
Approach: They propose a compiler that automatically generates tensors and automatically tunes them for different hardware platforms.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces inference time and costs on modern DNN benchmarks.

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Adapters: A Unified Library for Parameter-Efficient and Modular Transfer Learning (2023.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: Adapters is an open-source library that unifies parameter-efficient and modular transfer learning in large language models.
Approach: They propose to integrate 10 different methods into a unified interface for parameter-efficient and modular transfer learning in large language models.
Outcome: The proposed library is able to perform on multiple NLP tasks and is open-source.
AdaKron: An Adapter-based Parameter Efficient Model Tuning with Kronecker Product (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Large Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have billions of parameters, causing computational challenges to fine-tuning models.
Approach: They propose an Adapter-based fine-tuning with the Kronecker product that combine the outputs of two small networks to form a final vector whose dimension is the product of the dimensions of the individual outputs.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves the same performance levels as state-of-the-art methods on the GLUE benchmark .
BMInf: An Efficient Toolkit for Big Model Inference and Tuning (2022.acl-demo)

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Challenge: Recent years, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved promising results on various NLP tasks.
Approach: They propose an open-source toolkit for big model inference and tuning which can support big model tuning at extremely low computation cost.
Outcome: The proposed toolkit can support big model inference and tuning at extremely low computation cost.
Exploring Versatile Generative Language Model Via Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large-scale language models can be fine-tuned to learn highly transferable embedding, but they are expensive and require multiple model parameters.
Approach: They propose a way to fine-tune multiple down-stream generation tasks simultaneously using a single, large pretrained model.
Outcome: The proposed model can maintain or improve the performance of fine-tuning the whole model.
Efficient Active Learning with Adapters (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that distilled versions of pretrained models are not always available.
Approach: They propose to use distilled versions of successor models as acquisition models to reduce the training cost of the model.
Outcome: The proposed approach reduces the training cost of the model and does not cause the acquisition-successor mismatch (ASM) problem.
Research on Task Discovery for Transfer Learning in Deep Neural Networks (2020.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing deep neural network based machine learning models suffer from overfitting and are sensitive to noise and examples that are not available in training data.
Approach: They propose to use a novel multi-task learner to implement deep neural network based transfer learning models that can be used to improve generalization.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better on two NLP tasks and is more efficient on other areas of machine learning, including Bioinformatics and Computer Vision.
EdgeFormer: A Parameter-Efficient Transformer for On-Device Seq2seq Generation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Extensive experiments show EdgeFormer can effectively outperform previous parameter-efficient Transformer baselines and achieve competitive results under both the computation and memory constraints.
Approach: They propose a parameter-efficient Transformer for on-device seq2seq generation that uses two novel principles for cost-effective parameterization.
Outcome: Extensive experiments show that EdgeFormer outperforms the previous parameter-efficient Transformers and achieves competitive results under both the computation and memory constraints.
PartialFormer: Modeling Part Instead of Whole for Machine Translation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing feed-forward neural networks have significant computational and parametric overhead.
Approach: They propose a parameter-efficient Transformer architecture that utilizes multiple smaller FFNs to reduce parameters and computation while maintaining essential hidden dimensions.
Outcome: The proposed architecture reduces computational and parameter overhead while maintaining essential hidden dimensions.
EdgeFormer: Latency-Aware Collaborative Multi-Head Attention of Transformer Inference in Edge Networks (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for inference in centralized cloud pose privacy risks due to sensitive data.
Approach: They propose a latency-aware framework for distributed Transformer inference in resource-constrained edge networks.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves 2.01 times inference acceleration over state-of-the-art baselines with leq1.06% accuracy loss, maintaining robustness under varying edge conditions.
Subformer: Exploring Weight Sharing for Parameter Efficiency in Generative Transformers (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent improvements in NLP tasks can be attributed to the Transformer model.
Approach: They propose to use parameter-sharing methods to reduce parameter budgets in generative models by using sandwich-style parameter sharing and self-attentive embedding factorization.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the current RNN model even with significantly fewer parameters.

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