Challenge: Existing OCR engines fail to provide accurate, cost-effective and sample-efficient character recognition for public domain documents.
Approach: EffOCR is an open-source optical character recognition package that is accurate, cheap to deploy and sample efficient to customize to novel collections, languages, and character sets.
Outcome: EffOCR model trains character retrieval problem and scales to novel collections, languages, and character sets.

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Efficient OCR for Building a Diverse Digital History (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Current optical character recognition (OCR) systems are poorly extensible to low-resource document collections, as learning a language-vision model requires extensive labeled sequences and compute.
Approach: They propose to model optical character recognition as a character level image retrieval problem using a contrastively trained vision encoder.
Outcome: The proposed model is more sample efficient and extensible than existing architectures, enabling accurate OCR in settings where existing solutions fail.
TexOCR: Advancing Document OCR Models for Compilable Page-to-LaTeX Reconstruction (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing document OCR largely targets plain text or Markdown, discarding structural and executable properties that make LaTeX essential for scientific publishing.
Approach: They propose a benchmark and a training corpus for document reconstruction . they train a 2B-parameter model using supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning .
Outcome: The proposed model improves on existing models using supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards.
Low-resource Post Processing of Noisy OCR Output for Historical Corpus Digitisation (L18-1)

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Challenge: 7.6% of the words in the original OCR text contain an error; fully manual correction would take thousands of hours due to the size of the corpus.
Approach: They propose a post-processing system to efficiently correct OCR errors in a 2.7 million word Faroese corpus.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the word error rate to 1.3% with around 65 hours of human annotator work.
Scalable Construction and Reasoning of Massive Knowledge Bases (N18-6)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge mining systems assume abundant human annotations for training high quality machine learning models, which is impractical when trying to deploy IE systems to a broad range of domains, settings and languages.
Approach: They introduce how to extract structured facts from text corpora to construct knowledge bases.
Outcome: The proposed methods are weakly-supervised and domain-independent for knowledge base construction across various domains.
Making Large Language Models Efficient Dense Retrievers (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that fine-tuning large language models for dense retrieval yields strong performance, but their substantial parameter counts make them computationally inefficient.
Approach: They propose a framework for developing efficient retrievers that performs coarse-to-fine compression through a coarse-grained coarse-tuning strategy.
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces model size and inference cost while preserving performance of full-size models.
A Lightweight Approach to a Giga-Corpus of Historical Periodicals: The Story of a Slovenian Historical Newspaper Collection (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: a curated corpus of Slovenian historical newspapers is a complex undertaking requiring multiple steps to prepare . a shoestring budget is required to produce a corpus that is billion-words in size .
Approach: They propose a lightweight approach to producing high-quality corpora using OCR . they use noisy OCR-ed data from the National and University Library of Slovenia .
Outcome: The proposed method produces a billion-word giga-corpus of Slovenian historical newspapers from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries on a shoestring budget.
IEPile: Unearthing Large Scale Schema-Conditioned Information Extraction Corpus (2024.acl-short)

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Challenge: Large Language Models exhibit a significant performance gap in Information Extraction (IE) high-quality instruction data is the vital key for enhancing LLMs' specific capabilities .
Approach: They propose a bilingual (English and Chinese) IE instruction corpus that contains 0.32B tokens.
Outcome: The proposed model improves the performance of LLMs for IE with zero-shot generalization.
EfficientLLM: Unified Pruning-Aware Pretraining for Auto-Designed Compact Language Models (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) driven by scaling laws can be developed in large model sizes.
Approach: They propose a pruning-aware pretraining approach that decouples LLM pruning from direct pretraining.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms pretraining models with 100M 1B parameters in commen sense benchmarks.
OCR Post Correction for Endangered Language Texts (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Currently, there is little to no data available to build natural language processing models for endangered languages.
Approach: They propose a benchmark dataset of transcriptions for scanned books in three critically endangered languages and a method to improve OCR in these data-scarce settings.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the recognition error rate by 34% across the three endangered languages.
LSOIE: A Large-Scale Dataset for Supervised Open Information Extraction (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Open Information Extraction (OIE) systems extract factual propositions into n-ary tuples . current datasets are limited in size and diversity .
Approach: They propose to convert QA-SRL 2.0 dataset to large-scale OIE dataset LSOIE.
Outcome: The proposed dataset is 20 times larger than the next largest human-annotated OIE dataset.

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