Zero-shot Approach to Overcome Perturbation Sensitivity of Prompts (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have demonstrated that natural-language prompts can help to leverage the knowledge learned by pre-trained language models for the binary sentence-level sentiment classification task. |
| Approach: | They propose to use few-shot learning settings to fine-tune the sentiment classification model using manual or automatically generated prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the base prompt and the prompts generated using few-shot learning for the binary sentence-level sentiment classification task. |
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Natural Language Inference Prompts for Zero-shot Emotion Classification in Text across Corpora (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for textual emotion classification depend on domain and application scenario and need to be predefined . a natural language inference model with a flexible set of labels is difficult to develop . |
| Approach: | They propose to use the paradigm of zero-shot learning as a natural language inference task to generate a model with a flexible set of labels. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is more robust across corpora than individual prompts and shows similar performance to the best prompt for a particular corpus. |
Prompt Consistency for Zero-Shot Task Generalization (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent work has shown that pre-trained language models can perform zero-shot generalization to new tasks without annotated examples. |
| Approach: | They propose to regularize prompt consistency to encourage consistent predictions over a diverse set of prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot learner, T0, on 9 out of 11 datasets across 4 NLP tasks by 10.6 absolute points in terms of accuracy. |
Beyond the Next Token: Towards Prompt-Robust Zero-Shot Classification via Efficient Multi-Token Prediction (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for zero-shot text classification lack prompt engineering due to prompt brittleness . however, these methods are not effective for zero shot text classifications . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that predicts token probabilities across multiple positions and simulates comprehensive sampling of generation paths in a single run of a language model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves accuracy and reduces standard deviation by 98% . it maintains comparable performance even without a prompt, reducing the need for prompt engineering . |
Adapting Language Models for Zero-shot Learning by Meta-tuning on Dataset and Prompt Collections (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Large pre-trained language models (LMs) have a surprising ability to perform zero-shot learning. |
| Approach: | They propose to fine-tune pre-trained language models to optimize the zero-shot learning objective by aggregating 43 existing datasets and annotating 441 label descriptions in a question-answering format. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms a same-sized QA model and the previous SOTA zero-shot learning system on unseen tasks. |
Pre-trained Language Models Can be Fully Zero-Shot Learners (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to pre-trained language models require fine-tuning on labeled datasets or manually constructing proper prompts. |
| Approach: | They propose a nonparametric prompting PLM for fully zero-shot language understanding . they compare it to previous methods for text classification and text entailment . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms previous methods on diverse tasks. |
Cutting Down on Prompts and Parameters: Simple Few-Shot Learning with Language Models (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Prompting language models (LMs) with training examples and task descriptions has been seen as critical to recent successes in few-shot learning. |
| Approach: | They propose to fine tune masked language models with training examples and task descriptions to reduce prompt engineering by using null prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed prompts can be used to improve few-shot learning by finetuning only the bias terms while updating only 0.1% of the parameters. |
Avoiding Inference Heuristics in Few-shot Prompt-based Finetuning (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent prompt-based approaches allow pretrained language models to achieve strong performances on few-shot finetuning by reformulating downstream task instances as a language modeling problem. |
| Approach: | They propose to reformulate downstream tasks as a language modeling problem and add a regularization that preserves pretraining weights to the model to mitigate the destructive tendency of few-shot finetuning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better on low data regimes than the standard model on few-shot finetuning. |
PSP: Pre-trained Soft Prompts for Few-Shot Abstractive Summarization (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that our method outperforms full-model tuning in few-shot abstractive summarization tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a soft prompts architecture with prompt pre-training and prompt fine-tuning paradigm to support few-shot abstractive summarization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms Prompt Tuning and Profix-Tuning on CNN/DailyMail and XSum datasets and outperfies Profix Tuning by a large margin. |
PPT: Pre-trained Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Learning (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Prompt tuning for pre-trained language models has shown remarkable performance . however, prompt tuning is still not fully explored . |
| Approach: | They propose to pre-train prompts by adding soft prompts into the pre-training stage to obtain a better initialization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms full-model tuning under full-data and few-shot learning settings. |
Few-shot Prompting for Pairwise Ranking: An Effective Non-Parametric Retrieval Model (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that training examples improve zero-shot performance of supervised ranking models. |
| Approach: | They propose to augment supervised ranking models with pairs of queries and documents to improve their performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the unsupervised models on in-domain and out-domain retrieval benchmarks. |