Challenge: Neural module networks (NMN) have been used in image-grounded tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) however, very limited work on NMN has been studied in the video-ground dialogue tasks.
Approach: They propose to use video as the grounding feature in video-grounded dialogues to model the information retrieval process in videogrounded language tasks as a pipeline of neural modules.
Outcome: The proposed model can achieve promising performance on video-grounded dialogue and QA benchmarks.

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Multimodal Transformer Networks for End-to-End Video-Grounded Dialogue Systems (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing work on video-grounded dialogue systems is limited by feature space and semantic information.
Approach: They propose multimodal transformer networks to encode videos and incorporate information from different modalities.
Outcome: The proposed system generates appropriate conversational response to queries of humans based on visual and audio aspects of a given video . it also generalizes to another multimodal visual-grounded dialogue task, and obtains promising performance.
Attend What You Need: Motion-Appearance Synergistic Networks for Video Question Answering (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in natural language processing and computer vision have made significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI).
Approach: They propose Motion-Appearance Synergistic Networks which embed cross-modal features grounded on motion and appearance information and selectively utilize them depending on the question’s intentions.
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Mind the Context: The Impact of Contextualization in Neural Module Networks for Grounding Visual Referring Expressions (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Prior implementations of NMN use pre-defined and fixed textual inputs in their module instantiation.
Approach: They propose to parameterize the module arguments to reduce the number of modules in NMN by up to 75% without any loss in performance.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art model on CLEVR-Ref+ dataset with +8.1% improvement in accuracy and +4.3% on full test set.
VSTAR: A Video-grounded Dialogue Dataset for Situated Semantic Understanding with Scene and Topic Transitions (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for video-grounded dialogues neglect the intrinsic attributes of multimodal dialogues, such as scene and topic transitions.
Approach: They propose to use a large scale video-grounded scene&topic AwaRe dialogue dataset to study video-based dialogue understanding.
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Video-Grounded Dialogues with Pretrained Generation Language Models (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have shown success in improving downstream NLP tasks . pre-tuned models capture textual dependencies in text data of rich semantics .
Approach: They propose a framework for improving video-grounded dialogue by extending GPT-2 models . they propose to combine visual and textual representation into a structured sequence .
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VQAGuider: Guiding Multimodal Large Language Models to Answer Complex Video Questions (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can grasp the intention of a question and decomposing it to a series of visual recognition sub-tasks to find out the answer with the help of an agent.
Approach: They propose a framework for multimodal large language models to grasp the intention of a question and decompose it into a series of visual recognition sub-tasks to find out the answer.
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Dual Attention Networks for Visual Reference Resolution in Visual Dialog (D19-1)

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Challenge: Visual dialog (VisDial) requires a dialog agent to answer a series of questions grounded in an image.
Approach: They propose dual attention networks (DAN) for visual reference resolution in VisDial.
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ProtoVQA: An Adaptable Prototypical Framework for Explainable Fine-Grained Visual Question Answering (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Visual Question Answering (VQA) is increasingly used in diverse applications where models must provide accurate answers and explanations that humans can easily understand and verify.
Approach: They propose a unified prototypical framework that learns question-aware prototypes that serve as reasoning anchors and applies spatially constrained matching to ensure that the selected evidence is coherent and semantically relevant.
Outcome: The proposed framework yields faithful, fine-grained explanations while maintaining competitive accuracy.
Modular Visual Question Answering via Code Generation (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: a framework for visual question answering is based on modular code generation . the scope of reasoning needed for visual questions is vast, and requires many skills .
Approach: They propose a framework that formulates visual question answering as modular code generation.
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Multimodal Neural Graph Memory Networks for Visual Question Answering (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Visual question answering (VQA) is a new challenge for AI.
Approach: They propose a graph neural network architecture based on the recently proposed Graph Network (GN) . they generate visual features and encoded captions for an image to generate two GNs .
Outcome: The proposed model rivals the state-of-the-art models on Visual7W, VQA-v2.0, and CLEVR datasets.

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