Challenge: Visual question answering (VQA) is a new challenge for AI.
Approach: They propose a graph neural network architecture based on the recently proposed Graph Network (GN) . they generate visual features and encoded captions for an image to generate two GNs .
Outcome: The proposed model rivals the state-of-the-art models on Visual7W, VQA-v2.0, and CLEVR datasets.

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Think Visually: Question Answering through Virtual Imagery (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing models of geometric reasoning are based on visual representations of objects and objects, but they are not based in symbols or words.
Approach: They propose a new deep network architecture that specializes in answering questions that admit latent visual representations and learns to generate and reason over such representations.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate and reason over latent visual representations and is validated by two synthetic benchmarks.
Multimodal Graph Transformer for Multimodal Question Answering (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: a myriad of complex tasks require both prior knowledge and reasoning intelligence.
Approach: They propose a plug-and-play quasi-attention mechanism to integrate multimodal graph information to vanilla self-attention as effective prior.
Outcome: The proposed model is able to perform reasoning across multiple modalities.
Aligned Dual Channel Graph Convolutional Network for Visual Question Answering (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing graph-based methods focus only on relations between objects in an image and neglect the importance of syntactic dependency relations between words.
Approach: They propose a dual channel graph convolutional network to capture relations between objects in an image and syntactic dependency relations between words in a question.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Question Answering by Reasoning Across Documents with Graph Convolutional Networks (N19-1)

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Challenge: Recent research in reading comprehension has focused on answering questions based on individual documents or even single paragraphs.
Approach: They propose a neural model which integrates and reasons relying on information spread within documents and across multiple documents.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on a multi-document question answering dataset, WikiHop.
Enhancing Key-Value Memory Neural Networks for Knowledge Based Question Answering (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing Key-value Memory Neural Networks are effective for shallow reasoning over documents . but extending them to Knowledge Based Question Answering is not trivial .
Approach: They propose a mechanism to enable conventional KV-MemNNs models to perform interpretable reasoning for complex questions.
Outcome: The proposed solution provides better reasoning abilities on complex questions and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Modeling Semantics with Gated Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Base Question Answering (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to Knowledge Base Question Answering focus on semantic parsing . previous work focused on selecting the correct semantic relations and not on the structure of the semantic parses .
Approach: They propose to use Gated Graph Neural Networks to encode the graph structure of the semantic parse.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms baseline models that do not explicitly model the structure.
Dynamic Relevance Graph Network for Knowledge-Aware Question Answering (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to solve commonsense question answering problems often miss some edges between entities, which breaks the reasoning chain.
Approach: They propose a graph neural network architecture that uses relevance as graph edges to establish new edges dynamically for learning node representations in the graph network.
Outcome: The proposed approach shows competitive performance on two QA benchmarks, CommonsenseQA and OpenbookQA, compared to the state-of-the-art published results.
Towards Knowledge-Augmented Visual Question Answering (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task for humans, but it is effortless for visual-based approaches.
Approach: They propose a visual-based approach that captures interactions between visual scenes and external knowledge sources and exploits ConceptNet as the source of general knowledge.
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Propagate-Selector: Detecting Supporting Sentences for Question Answering via Graph Neural Networks (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing question-answering models do not require reasoning across sentences in the given context (passage).
Approach: They propose a graph neural network that propagates information over sentences to understand information that cannot be inferred when considering sentences in isolation.
Outcome: The proposed approach obtains the best performance compared to the widely used answer-selection models that do not consider the intersentential relationship.
VGNMN: Video-grounded Neural Module Networks for Video-Grounded Dialogue Systems (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Neural module networks (NMN) have been used in image-grounded tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) however, very limited work on NMN has been studied in the video-ground dialogue tasks.
Approach: They propose to use video as the grounding feature in video-grounded dialogues to model the information retrieval process in videogrounded language tasks as a pipeline of neural modules.
Outcome: The proposed model can achieve promising performance on video-grounded dialogue and QA benchmarks.

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