Challenge: Non-autoregressive translation models suffer from the multi-modality problem when a source sentence corresponds to multiple correct translations.
Approach: They propose to decompose the syntactic multi-modality problem into short- and long-range models and evaluate them on synthesized and real datasets.
Outcome: The proposed loss functions can handle short- and long-range syntactic multi-modalities better than existing models.

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive machine translation suffers severe performance deterioration due to the naive independence assumption.
Approach: They propose a method which collects model behaviours on translation segments of various granularities and integrates feedback for backpropagation to reduce latency.
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Learning to Recover from Multi-Modality Errors for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models suffer from multi-modality problem . despite their autoregressivity, most NMT models suffer with slow decoding speed .
Approach: They propose a semi-autoregressive model which generates a translation as a sequence of segments while each segment is predicted token-by-token.
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ngram-OAXE: Phrase-Based Order-Agnostic Cross Entropy for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Recent studies have incorporated approaches to improving the standard cross-entropy loss to ameliorate the effect of multimodality.
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What Have We Achieved on Non-autoregressive Translation? (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies have shown that non-autoregressive (NAT) methods underperform autoregressive methods (AT) however, their evaluation using BLEU has been shown to weakly correlate with human annotations.
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Non-Autoregressive Document-Level Machine Translation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive translation models struggle with document context and handling discourse phenomena.
Approach: They propose a simple but effective design of sentence alignment between source and target to improve their performance on document-level machine translation.
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Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Discourse in Machine Translation (DiscoMT 2019) (D19-65)

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Challenge: . - (EN)
Approach: . - (EN)
Outcome: . - (EN)
Improving Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation via Modeling Localness (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models suffer from poor localization quality due to sequential dependencies within the target sentence.
Approach: They propose to introduce local information into NAT models by explicitly introducing local information about surrounding words into the encoder and decoder sides to achieve localness-aware representations.
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Multimodal Neural Machine Translation: A Survey of the State of the Art (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Multimodal neural machine translation (MNMT) is a task that aims to translate text into the target language using neural networks.
Approach: They propose to integrate other modalities with textual data to enhance translation performance.
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Fully Non-autoregressive Neural Machine Translation: Tricks of the Trade (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models are slow to learn the dependency between output tokens.
Approach: They propose to use fully non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NAT) to predict tokens with single forward of neural networks.
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Progressively Modality Freezing for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multi-Modal Entity Alignment aims to discover identical entities across heterogeneous knowledge graphs.
Approach: They propose a strategy of progressive modality freezing that focuses on alignment-relevant features and enhances multi-modal feature fusion.
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