Challenge: a number of studies have suggested that models induce universal text representations . current benchmarks focus on semantic phenomena, so pragmatics needs to be the focus .
Approach: They propose a benchmark that unites 11 pragmatics-focused evaluation datasets for English.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark shows that natural language inference does not result in genuinely universal representations.

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Challenge: linguistics studies how context influences meaning of language and how people use it to convey implied meanings, emotions, and intentions.
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Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understanding (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: a new large-scale NLI benchmark dataset is presented to test models on a variety of popular NLIs.
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What Will it Take to Fix Benchmarking in Natural Language Understanding? (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Evaluation for many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks is broken due to unreliable and biased systems scoring so high on standard benchmarks.
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Infusing Finetuning with Semantic Dependencies (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Several diagnostics help to localize the benefits of our approach.
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Navigating the Modern Evaluation Landscape: Considerations in Benchmarks and Frameworks for Large Language Models (LLMs) (2024.lrec-tutorials)

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Challenge: General-purpose Language Models have changed the world of Natural Language Processing, if not the world itself.
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Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Assessing Coherence of Text Classifiers (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large-scale, pre-trained language models achieve human-level and superhuman accuracy on existing language understanding tasks, but statistical bias in benchmark data and probing studies has recently called into question their true capabilities.
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Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challenges (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.
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A Tutorial on Evaluation Metrics used in Natural Language Generation (2021.naacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial presents the evolution of automatic evaluation metrics to their current state along with emerging trends in this field.
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Semantic-Eval : A Semantic Comprehension Evaluation Framework for Large Language Models Generation without Training (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as key drivers of progress in the field of natural language processing.
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JGLUE: Japanese General Language Understanding Evaluation (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: There is no benchmark for Japanese to evaluate and analyze NLU ability from different perspectives.
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