Challenge: SHARP is a new attack method for structured prediction models that solves several challenges.
Approach: They propose a black-box adversarial attack method that uses a search-based optimization problem to attack adversarials.
Outcome: The proposed method performs more potent attack than pioneer arts on two structured prediction tasks.

Similar Papers

Adversarial Attack and Defense of Structured Prediction Models (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to building effective adversarial attackers focus on classification problems.
Approach: They propose a framework that learns to attack a structured prediction model with feedbacks from multiple reference models.
Outcome: The proposed framework is able to attack state-of-the-art models and boost them with training . it is based on a sequence-to-sequence model with feedbacks from multiple reference models .
Adversarial Text Generation by Search and Learning (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing text generation methods only use heuristic replacement strategies or language models to generate replacement words at the word level.
Approach: They propose a search and learning framework for Adversarial Text Generation by Search and Learning to evaluate the robustness of natural language processing models.
Outcome: The proposed methods are significantly superior to the most advanced methods in terms of attack efficiency and adversarial text quality.
TABS: Efficient Textual Adversarial Attack for Pre-trained NL Code Model Using Semantic Beam Search (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing black-box adversarial attacks on pre-trained models generate adversarials with greedy search.
Approach: They propose an efficient beam search black-box adversarial attack method . they use contextual semantic filtering to effectively reduce the search space .
Outcome: The proposed method shows good performance in terms of attack success rate, number of queries, and semantic similarity for two tasks: NL code search classification and retrieval tasks.
Tougher Text, Smarter Models: Raising the Bar for Adversarial Defence Benchmarks (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in natural language processing have highlighted the vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial attacks.
Approach: They propose a benchmark for textual adversarial defence that evaluates state-of-the-art defence mechanisms across diverse datasets, models, and tasks.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark incorporates a wide range of datasets and evaluates state-of-the-art defence mechanisms.
ROSE: Robust Selective Fine-tuning for Pre-trained Language Models (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent studies have highlighted the lack of adversarial robustness in pre-trained models.
Approach: They propose a fine-tuning approach that conducts selective updates when adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves adversarial robustness on downstream tasks . it eliminates spurious updates, leading to flatter and wider optima than the conventional method .
Gradient-based Adversarial Attacks against Text Transformers (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for obtaining adversarial examples are difficult with text data.
Approach: They propose a gradient-based adversarial attack against transformer models that searches for a distribution of adversarials parameterized by a continuous-valued matrix.
Outcome: The proposed attack outperforms existing methods on a variety of natural language tasks with matching imperceptibility.
Exploiting Class Probabilities for Black-box Sentence-level Attacks (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing sentences use either no feedback or only the class labels for sentence-level attacks.
Approach: They propose an algorithm that uses class probabilities for black-box sentence-level attacks and investigate the effectiveness of using class probabilties on the attack’s success.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm is evaluated against baselines and classifiers and compares with the existing models to determine whether it is worthy or practical to use class probabilities for black-box sentence-level attacks.
Don’t Search for a Search Method — Simple Heuristics Suffice for Adversarial Text Attacks (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent research has focused on adversarial text attacks on neural networks for natural language processing.
Approach: They implement an algorithm inspired by zeroth order optimization-based attacks and compare it with benchmark results in TextAttack.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm outperforms other black-box adversarial text attacks.
Word-level Textual Adversarial Attacking as Combinatorial Optimization (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing word-level attack models are far from perfect because of unsuitable search space reduction methods and inefficient optimization algorithms.
Approach: They propose a novel adversarial adversarialist model that incorporates word substitution and particle swarm optimization to solve two problems separately.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves much higher success rates and crafts more high-quality adversarial examples as compared to baseline methods.
BERT-ATTACK: Adversarial Attack Against BERT Using BERT (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Current approaches to generate adversarial samples for discrete data are heuristic replacement strategies that are difficult to implement in continuous data.
Approach: They propose a method to generate adversarial samples using pre-trained masked language models using BERT.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in success rate and perturb percentage while remaining fluent and semantically preserved.

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