Papers by Xiaodan Zhang

15 papers
Can Machine Unlearning Reduce Social Bias in Language Models? (2024.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Existing methods for mitigating bias in language models are expensive and time-consuming . comparative studies have not evaluated their respective advantages and disadvantages .
Approach: They propose to use Partitioned Contrastive Gradient Unlearning and Negation via Task Vector to reduce social biases in open-source language models.
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform PCGU and DPO in debiasing models . the proposed methods can be easily tuned to balance the trade-off between bias reduction and generation quality .
See Detail Say Clear: Towards Brain CT Report Generation via Pathological Clue-driven Representation Learning (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Brain CT report generation is important to aid physicians in diagnosing cranial diseases.
Approach: They propose a Pathological Clue-driven Representation Learning model to build cross-modal representations based on pathological clues and adapt them for text generation.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms previous methods and achieves SoTA performance.
CLOMO: Counterfactual Logical Modification with Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies on evaluating model reasoning are limited in both form and content.
Approach: They propose a task to cultivate counterfactual thought processes within large language models and an evaluation metric to evaluate their natural language output instead of modeling the task as a multiple-choice problem.
Outcome: The proposed evaluation metric aligns well with human preference.
Semantic Reshuffling with LLM and Heterogeneous Graph Auto-Encoder for Enhanced Rumor Detection (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Current methods struggle against complex propagation influenced by bots, coordinated accounts, and echo chambers, which fragment information and increase risks of misjudgments.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates metapath-based rumor reconstruction and narrative reordering to detect rumors.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods and is highly accurate and robust.
Knowledge-Selective Pretraining for Attribute Value Extraction (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for AVE are limited on rare attributes due to poor generalization ability.
Approach: They propose to leverage pretraining and transfer learning to address weaknesses in existing methods.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art performance without pretraining on rare attributes with limited training resources.
TRIGO: Benchmarking Formal Mathematical Proof Reduction for Generative Language Models (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Automated theorem proving (ATP) benchmarks focus on symbolic inference but rarely involve understanding complex number combination reasoning.
Approach: They propose a benchmark that requires a model to reduce a trigonometric expression with step-by-step proof and evaluates a generative LM’s reasoning ability on formulas and ability to manipulate, group, and factor number terms.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark evaluates a generative LM’s reasoning ability on formulas and ability to manipulate, group, and factor number terms.
Granularity Matters: Pathological Graph-driven Cross-modal Alignment for Brain CT Report Generation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for automatic Brain CT reports are limited by coarse-grained supervision and coupled cross-modal alignment.
Approach: They propose a pathological Graph-driven cross-modal alignment model that learns fine-grained visual cues and aligns them with textual words.
Outcome: The proposed model can improve the automatic generation of Brain CT reports and contribute to improved cranial disease diagnosis.
Semantically-Aligned Universal Tree-Structured Solver for Math Word Problems (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models focus on one-unknown linear MWPs.
Approach: They propose a universal expression tree-structured solver that integrates multiple expression trees underlying a MWP into a single expression tree.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on a MWPs dataset and generates a universal expression tree explicitly by deciding which symbol to generate .
Cross-modal Contrastive Attention Model for Medical Report Generation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for medical report generation are unable to capture useful information from historical cases.
Approach: They propose a model that captures both visual and semantic information from similar cases.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art models on almost all metrics on IU X-Ray and MIMIC-CXR benchmarks.
Adversarial Text Generation by Search and Learning (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing text generation methods only use heuristic replacement strategies or language models to generate replacement words at the word level.
Approach: They propose a search and learning framework for Adversarial Text Generation by Search and Learning to evaluate the robustness of natural language processing models.
Outcome: The proposed methods are significantly superior to the most advanced methods in terms of attack efficiency and adversarial text quality.
FAIRGAMER: Evaluating Social Biases in LLM-Based Video Game NPCs (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have enhanced or replaced traditional non-player characters in video games.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate social biases across three interaction patterns: transaction, cooperation, and competition.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark assesses four bias types across transaction, cooperation, and competition using a novel metric, FairMCV.
A Data-Centric Framework for Composable NLP Workflows (2020.emnlp-demos)

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Challenge: Empirical natural language processing (NLP) systems involve interoperation among multiple components . a wealth of NLP toolkits exist ( 4), such as spaCy, DKPro, CoreNLP.
Approach: They propose a unified open-source framework that supports fast development of NLP workflows . framework includes processors for NLP tasks, visualization, and annotation .
Outcome: The framework offers processors for NLP tasks, visualization, and annotation, and is extensible . it is delivered through two modularized yet integratable open-source projects, Forte and Stave .
Improving Pretrained Models for Zero-shot Multi-label Text Classification through Reinforced Label Hierarchy Reasoning (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing zero-shot learning methods for multi-label text classification mostly learn a matching model between the feature space of text and the label space.
Approach: They propose to use a graph encoder to incorporate label hierarchies to learn effective label representations on the zero-shot multi-label text classification problem.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms previous non-pretrained methods on the zero-shot multi-label text classification task.
RAP: Efficient Text-Video Retrieval with Sparse-and-Correlated Adapter (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Text-Video Retrieval (TVR) aims to align relevant video content with natural language queries.
Approach: They propose to conduct efficient text-video Retrieval with a salient-and-correlated AdaPter . they propose a low-rank modulation module to refine per-image features from frozen CLIP backbone .
Outcome: Experiments on four TVR datasets show that the proposed method performs better than other methods.
MetaLogic: Logical Reasoning Explanations with Fine-Grained Structure (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Current explanation datasets often employ synthetic data with simple reasoning structures.
Approach: They propose a comprehensive logical reasoning explanation form that incorporates three main components to better fit the human cognitive process.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better than existing models on real-life scenarios, but is more challenging for the current models.

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