Challenge: Recent work shows that deep learning models are sensitive to low-level correlations between simple features and specific output labels, leading to over-fitting and lack of generalization.
Approach: They propose to eliminate single-word correlations altogether to mitigate this problem . they highlight several alternatives to dataset balancing to enhance contexts .
Outcome: The proposed approach to balancing datasets is insufficient, the authors argue . they suggest enhancing datasets with richer contexts and abstaining from interaction .

Similar Papers

Generating Data to Mitigate Spurious Correlations in Natural Language Inference Datasets (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Natural language processing models exploit spurious correlations between features and labels in datasets to perform well only within the distributions they are trained on.
Approach: They propose to generate a debiased version of a dataset and replace it with training data to train a model that is generalised to different task distributions.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms or performs comparable to state-of-the-art debiasing strategies on a large suite of debiased, out-of distribution, and adversarial test sets.
Influence Tuning: Demoting Spurious Correlations via Instance Attribution and Instance-Driven Updates (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to interpret black-box models to learn spurious correlations are not well understood.
Approach: They propose a procedure that leverages model interpretations to update parameters towards a plausible interpretation rather than an interpretation that relies on spurious patterns in data.
Outcome: The proposed procedure outperforms baseline methods that use adversarial training in a controlled setup.
Identifying and Mitigating Spurious Correlations for Improving Robustness in NLP Models (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing work identifies task-specific shortcuts via human priors or error analyses, which requires extensive expertise and efforts.
Approach: They propose to automatically identify spurious correlations in NLP models at scale by using existing interpretability methods to extract tokens that significantly affect model’s decision process.
Outcome: The proposed method can identify spurious correlations in NLP models at scale and mitigate these leads to more robust models in multiple applications.
Stubborn Lexical Bias in Data and Models (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent work has focused on spurious correlations between features and labels in training data . but, we find strong evidence of corresponding bias in the trained models .
Approach: They propose a method to reduce spurious correlations in training data by reweighting it using a large pool of extracted features.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces spurious correlations in training data, but still finds strong evidence of bias in trained models.
Analyzing Biases to Spurious Correlations in Text Classification Tasks (2022.aacl-short)

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Challenge: Often these systems exceed human performance, but there is a caveat: standard benchmarks often assume that training and evaluation data are drawn independently and identically from the same underlying distribution.
Approach: They propose to exploit spurious correlations in training data to exploit these correlations . they show that even when only ‘stop’ words are available, it is possible to predict the class significantly better than random.
Outcome: The proposed model can predict class significantly better when only ‘stop’ words are available at the input stage, but can degrade the ability of the system to generalize well to out-of-domain data.
Fighting Bias With Bias: Promoting Model Robustness by Amplifying Dataset Biases (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent work sought to develop robust, unbiased models by filtering biased examples from training sets.
Approach: They propose to filter out biased examples from training sets to improve models' performance.
Outcome: The proposed evaluation framework is more challenging than the original dataset splits and even more challenging that hand-crafted challenge sets.
A Survey of Methods for Addressing Class Imbalance in Deep-Learning Based Natural Language Processing (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Developing methods to improve model performance in imbalanced data settings has been an active area for decades .
Approach: They propose to use sampling, data augmentation, choice of loss function, staged learning, or model design to address class imbalance in NLP.
Outcome: The proposed approaches are evaluated on a variety of NLP tasks or in the computer vision community.
An Empirical Study on Robustness to Spurious Correlations using Pre-trained Language Models (2020.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Recent work shows that pre-trained language models perform poorly on challenging datasets where spurious correlations do not hold.
Approach: They propose to use multi-task learning to improve generalization from minority examples . they propose to combine MTL with auxiliary tasks to improve performance .
Outcome: The proposed model generalizes from minority examples without hurting in-distribution performance.
Explore Spurious Correlations at the Concept Level in Language Models for Text Classification (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in numerous NLP tasks, employing both fine-tuning and in-context learning (ICL) methods.
Approach: They propose a method to assess concept bias in models during fine-tuning and in-context learning using ChatGPT.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms token removal approaches and is validated through extensive testing.
Striking a Balance: Alleviating Inconsistency in Pre-trained Models for Symmetric Classification Tasks (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Inconsistency is observed in symmetric classification tasks that take two inputs and require the output to be invariant of the order of the inputs.
Approach: They propose a consistency loss function to alleviate inconsistency in symmetric classification tasks that take two inputs and require the output to be invariant of the order of the inputs.
Outcome: The proposed model improves consistency in predictions for three paraphrase detection datasets without significant drop in accuracy scores.

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