Challenge: Developing methods to improve model performance in imbalanced data settings has been an active area for decades .
Approach: They propose to use sampling, data augmentation, choice of loss function, staged learning, or model design to address class imbalance in NLP.
Outcome: The proposed approaches are evaluated on a variety of NLP tasks or in the computer vision community.

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Fairness-aware Class Imbalanced Learning (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on class imbalance and mitigating bias have focused on the latter . a skewed class distribution hurts the performance of deep learning models, and is often referred to as "stereotyping"
Approach: They propose to extend a margin-loss based approach to enforce fairness by using tweet sentiment and occupation classification to mitigate class imbalance and demographic bias.
Outcome: The proposed methods help mitigate class imbalance and demographic biases through controlled experiments.
Understanding the effects of language-specific class imbalance in multilingual fine-tuning (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to fine-tune large language models have been developed to reduce the amount of resources needed to perform classification tasks.
Approach: They modify traditional class weighing approach to reduce imbalance by calculating class weights separately for each language.
Outcome: The proposed model improves performance and reduces the promotion of uninformative features.
Robustness and Adversarial Examples in Natural Language Processing (2021.emnlp-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial aims to raise awareness of practical concerns about NLP robustness . it aims at addressing the weaknesses of NLP systems when faced with adversarial inputs and data with a distribution shift .
Approach: This tutorial aims to bring awareness of practical concerns about NLP robustness . it reviews recent studies on analyzing the weakness of NLP systems when facing adversarial inputs .
Outcome: This tutorial aims to bring awareness of practical concerns about NLP robustness . it will examine the weaknesses of NLP systems when faced with adversarial inputs and data with a distribution shift .
Deep Adversarial Learning for NLP (N19-5)

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Challenge: Adversarial learning is a game-theoretic learning paradigm that has achieved huge successes in the field of Computer Vision recently.
Approach: This tutorial introduces the foundations of deep adversarial learning and some practical problems and solutions in NLP.
Outcome: This tutorial introduces the foundations of deep adversarial learning and some practical problems and solutions in NLP.
Efficient Methods for Natural Language Processing: A Survey (2023.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Recent work in natural language processing (NLP) has yielded appealing results from scaling model parameters and training data, but using only scale to improve performance means resource consumption also grows.
Approach: They propose to use data, time, storage, or energy to improve model performance.
Outcome: The proposed methods and findings provide guidance for conducting NLP under limited resources and point towards promising research directions for developing more efficient methods.
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource NLP (DeepLo 2019) (D19-61)

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Challenge: EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource Natural Language Processing takes place in Hong Kong, China .
Approach: EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource Natural Language Processing takes place in Hong Kong, China . call for papers for this second workshop met with a strong response .
Outcome: the EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 workshop on deep learning approaches for low-resource natural language processing takes place in Hong Kong, China.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for NLP (P18-5)

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Challenge: Many natural language processing tasks can be formulated as deep reinforcement learning (DRL) problems.
Approach: This tutorial provides an introduction to the foundations of deep reinforcement learning . it describes recent advances in designing deep reinforcement for NLP .
Outcome: This tutorial provides an introduction to the foundations of deep reinforcement learning and some practical solutions for NLP tasks.
Bias and Fairness in Natural Language Processing (D19-2)

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Challenge: a tutorial will review the history of bias and fairness studies in machine learning and language processing .
Approach: This tutorial reviews the history of bias and fairness studies in machine learning and language processing . it presents recent community effort to quantify and mitigat bias in natural language processing models .
Outcome: This tutorial reviews the history of bias and fairness studies in machine learning and language processing . it aims to quantify and mitigate bias in natural language processing models for a wide spectrum of tasks .
Deep Learning for Natural Language Inference (N19-5)

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Challenge: This tutorial discusses cutting-edge research on NLI, including recent advance on dataset development, cutting- edge deep learning models, and highlights from recent research on using NLI to understand capabilities and limits of deep learning for language understanding and reasoning.
Approach: This tutorial discusses cutting-edge research on NLI, including recent advance on dataset development and cutting- edge deep learning models.
Outcome: This tutorial discusses cutting-edge research on NLI, including recent advance on dataset development, cutting- edge deep learning models, and highlights from recent research on using NLI to understand capabilities and limits of deep learning model for language understanding and reasoning.
Experimental Standards for Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing Research (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a lack of common experimental standards remains an open challenge to the field at large .
Approach: They propose to distill discussions on experimental standards into a single, widely-applicable methodology.
Outcome: Using best practices, we can strengthen experimental evidence, improve reproducibility and enable scientific progress.

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