Challenge: Existing methods for knowledge graph integration lack dangling entities that can be manually extracted.
Approach: They propose a Unsupervised method for joint Entity alignment and Dangling entity detection that uses literal semantic information to generate pseudo entity pairs and globally guided alignment information for EA.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the EA and DED tasks and achieves comparable results without supervision.

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Knowing the No-match: Entity Alignment with Dangling Cases (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to find entities that cannot find alignment across knowledge graphs (KGs) despite their importance, knowledge graph is expensive and suffers from incompleteness.
Approach: They propose a framework for entity alignment and dangling entity detection that can be used to abstain from predicting alignment for detected dangle entities.
Outcome: The proposed framework can abstain from predicting alignment for detected dangling entities.
Dangling-Aware Entity Alignment with Mixed High-Order Proximities (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for dangling-aware entity alignment are underexplored but important problem.
Approach: They propose a framework that uses high-order proximities to detect dangling entities and align matchable entities.
Outcome: The proposed framework detects dangling entities and aligns matchable entities better than existing methods.
From Alignment to Assignment: Frustratingly Simple Unsupervised Entity Alignment (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for cross-lingual entity alignment rely on lexical matching and probability reasoning, but they inherit poor interpretability and low efficiency from neural networks.
Approach: They propose a simple but effective unsupervised entity alignment method without neural networks that can be used to find the equivalent entities between crosslingual KGs.
Outcome: Extensive experiments show that the proposed method beats advanced supervised methods across all datasets while having high efficiency, interpretability, and stability.
OntoEA: Ontology-guided Entity Alignment via Joint Knowledge Graph Embedding (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for aligning knowledge graph entities ignore the ontology which contains critical meta information such as classes and membership relationships with entities.
Approach: They propose an ontology-guided method where KGs and ontologies are jointly embedded.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on seven public and industrial benchmarks show the ontology-guided method performs well and is cost-effective.
Entity Profile Generation and Reasoning with LLMs for Entity Alignment (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Entity alignment is a process of identifying and linking equivalent entities across knowledge graphs . only a small fraction of these entities are aligned .
Approach: They propose a method that combines large language models with entity embeddings to align entities.
Outcome: ProLEA is a method that combines large language models with entity embeddings to improve alignment accuracy, robustness, and explainability.
Modeling Multi-mapping Relations for Precise Cross-lingual Entity Alignment (D19-1)

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Challenge: Entity alignment aims to find entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same real-world object.
Approach: They propose to use dot product-based functions to define dot products over embeddings to better capture semantics of 1-N, N-1 and N-N relations.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on multilingual datasets.
Cross-lingual Joint Entity and Word Embedding to Improve Entity Linking and Parallel Sentence Mining (D19-61)

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Challenge: Entities can be used as effective signals to generate less ambiguous semantic representations and align multiple languages.
Approach: They propose a method to generate cross-lingual data that is a mix of entities and contextual words based on Wikipedia.
Outcome: The proposed method can generate cross-lingual data that is a mix of entities and contextual words based on Wikipedia . it provides reliable alignment on word/entity level and sentence level, and thus can be used for unsupervised cross-linguistic entity linking.
Semi-supervised Entity Alignment via Joint Knowledge Embedding Model and Cross-graph Model (D19-1)

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Challenge: Entity alignment aims at integrating complementary knowledge graphs (KGs) from different sources or languages.
Approach: They propose a semi-supervised entity alignment method by joint Knowledge Embedding model and Cross-Graph model to make better use of seed alignments to propagate over the entire graphs with KG-based constraints.
Outcome: The proposed method can make better use of seed alignments to propagate over entire graphs with KG-based constraints.
From Alignment to Entailment: A Unified Textual Entailment Framework for Entity Alignment (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods encode the triples of entities as embeddings and learn to align the embeddables, which prevents the direct interaction between the original information of the cross-KG entities.
Approach: They propose to transform the triples into unified textual sequences and model the EA task as a bi-directional textual entailment task between the sequences of cross-KG entities.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on five cross-lingual datasets and allows the mutual enhancement of the heterogeneous information.
Injecting Knowledge Base Information into End-to-End Joint Entity and Relation Extraction and Coreference Resolution (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Using unsupervised entity linking, we solve named entity recognition, coreference resolution and relation extraction tasks together.
Approach: They propose to use a knowledge base to inject information into a joint IE model by using unsupervised entity linking.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on two datasets with 5% F1 score.

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