Challenge: State-of-the-art methods based on pre-trained models have achieved remarkable performance on the standard test dataset.
Approach: They propose to incorporate hierarchical structure of logical forms into the model and exploit automatically generated counterfactual data for training.
Outcome: The proposed method is effective to alleviate spurious correlations between the headers of the tables and operators of the logical form.

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Challenge: Recent studies on Natural Language Generation (NLG) from structured data focus on surface descriptions of simple record sequences, for example, attribute-value pairs of fixed or very limited schema.
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A Survey on Natural Language Counterfactual Generation (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent advances in NLP are driven by a variety of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 (175B) and PaLM (540B).
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Parallel Universes, Parallel Languages: A Comprehensive Study on LLM-based Multilingual Counterfactual Example Generation (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models excel at generating English counterfactuals but their effectiveness in generating multilingual counterfacts remains unclear.
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Counterfactual reasoning: Testing language models’ understanding of hypothetical scenarios (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing language models have demonstrated remarkable improvements in downstream tasks, but it remains unclear to what extent they are consequences of correlation with linguistic heuristics versus robust reasoning about causal relations grounded on understanding of world knowledge.
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Prompting Large Language Models for Counterfactual Generation: An Empirical Study (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in a wide range of natural language understanding and generation tasks, but their ability to generate counterfactuals has not been examined systematically.
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TabPert : An Effective Platform for Tabular Perturbation (2021.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: Current transformers-based models outperform humans on factual evidence evaluation tasks when presented as simple unstructured text.
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Logical Natural Language Generation from Open-Domain Tables (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on neural natural language generation focus on surface-level realizations with limited emphasis on logical inference.
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Exploring the Efficacy of Automatically Generated Counterfactuals for Sentiment Analysis (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to improve performance of deep neural models are limited by the nature of spurious patterns in the data.
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CLOMO: Counterfactual Logical Modification with Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies on evaluating model reasoning are limited in both form and content.
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Reasoning or Reciting? Exploring the Capabilities and Limitations of Language Models Through Counterfactual Tasks (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Recent language models possess impressive performance across a wide range of tasks . however, they often rely on narrow, non-transferable procedures for task-solving .
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