Challenge: We have deployed reliable and precise large-scale machine translation systems for several Indian regional languages.
Approach: They develop a structured model development pipeline as a closed feedback loop with external manual feedback through an Active Learning component.
Outcome: The proposed model improves over iterations for English to Hindi and for other languages.

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Leveraging the Cross-Domain & Cross-Linguistic Corpus for Low Resource NMT: A Case Study On Bhili-Hindi-English Parallel Corpus (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: linguistic diversity of India poses significant machine translation challenges, authors say . underrepresented tribal languages like Bhili lack high-quality linguistic resources .
Approach: They introduce a Bhili-Hindi-English Parallel Corpus, the first and largest parallel corpus worldwide . they evaluated a wide range of proprietary and open-source MLLMs on bidirectional translation tasks .
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Efficient Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages via Exploiting Related Languages (2020.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a rapidly advancing MT paradigm that can be used to improve machine translation for many languages.
Approach: They propose a technique called Unified Transliteration and Subword Segmentation to leverage language similarity while exploiting parallel data from related languages.
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Thesis Proposal: Development of End-to-End Speech Translation Models for Indian Languages (2026.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to speech-to-speech translation rely on cascaded pipelines . current approaches rely only on text representations, but they suffer from errors and latency . a new direct speech translation framework is proposed to bridge linguistic gaps .
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Towards Building Large Scale Datasets and State-of-the-Art Automatic Speech Translation Systems for 14 Indian Languages (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing datasets that cover only a fraction of Indian languages lack the breadth needed to generalize beyond curated benchmarks.
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Paramanu: Compact and Competitive Monolingual Language Models for Low-Resource Morphologically Rich Indian Languages (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multilingual large language models are expensive to pretrain and suffer from imbalances across languages and datasets.
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Very Large-Scale Lexical Resources to Enhance Chinese and Japanese Machine Translation (L18-1)

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Challenge: A major issue in machine translation applications is the recognition and translation of named entities.
Approach: They propose to integrate Very Large-Scale Lexical Resources (VLSLR) with lexicons to improve machine translation accuracy.
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A Multilingual Parallel Corpora Collection Effort for Indian Languages (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Currently, neural network based approaches for machine translation are data hungry and sentence-level aligned parallel pairs are the currency.
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Many-to-English Machine Translation Tools, Data, and Pretrained Models (2021.acl-demo)

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Challenge: Commercial translation systems support only one hundred languages or fewer . commercial translation systems do not make these models available for transfer to low resource languages .
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An Analysis of Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: In this study, we explore massively multilingual low-resource neural machine translation.
Approach: They propose to use Bible translations to train models with up to 1,107 source languages and create multilingual corpora varying the number and relatedness of source languages.
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Benchmarking and Improving Long-Text Translation with Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have illuminated the promising capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in handling long texts.
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