| Challenge: | a new method for evaluating chatbot safety is proposed to mimic human-generated data . a bot-adversarial dialogue model learns undesirable features from this data, a study finds . |
| Approach: | They propose a human-and-model-in-the-loop framework for evaluating toxicity of chatbots . they propose two methods for safe conversational agents by either training on data or ”baking-in” safety to the generative model itself. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods are safer than existing models while maintaining usability metrics, the authors say . they show that the proposed methods can be used to make safer models with human-model interactions . |
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Using In-Context Learning to Improve Dialogue Safety (2023.findings-emnlp)
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Nicholas Meade, Spandana Gella, Devamanyu Hazarika, Prakhar Gupta, Di Jin, Siva Reddy, Yang Liu, Dilek Hakkani-Tur
| Challenge: | Recent work has highlighted safety issues with large neural-based conversational models. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-based approach for reducing bias and toxicity in chatbot responses . they retrieve demonstrations of safe responses to similar dialogue contexts to generate a response . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces bias and toxicity in three chatbot models . it can be used in compliment to existing dialogue safety approaches, such as RLHF. |
On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmark (2022.findings-acl)
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Hao Sun, Guangxuan Xu, Jiawen Deng, Jiale Cheng, Chujie Zheng, Hao Zhou, Nanyun Peng, Xiaoyan Zhu, Minlie Huang
| Challenge: | Dialogue safety problems severely limit the real-world deployment of generative conversational models. |
| Approach: | They propose a taxonomy for dialogue safety specifically designed to capture unsafe behaviors in human-bot dialogue settings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed taxonomy captures unsafe behaviors in human-bot dialogue settings with rich context-sensitive unsafe examples. |
Robust Conversational Agents against Imperceptible Toxicity Triggers (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing work to generate adversarial attacks is costly and not scalable . despite the abundance of research in this area, little attention has been given to adversarials . |
| Approach: | They propose an adversarial attack mechanism that mitigates toxic language generation . they propose a defense mechanism that is scalable and can be generalized . |
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ProsocialDialog: A Prosocial Backbone for Conversational Agents (2022.emnlp-main)
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Hyunwoo Kim, Youngjae Yu, Liwei Jiang, Ximing Lu, Daniel Khashabi, Gunhee Kim, Yejin Choi, Maarten Sap
| Challenge: | Existing dialogue systems fail to respond properly to potentially unsafe user utterances . existing systems either ignore or passively agree with unsafe content . |
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SafeConv: Explaining and Correcting Conversational Unsafe Behavior (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets do not provide enough annotation to explain unsafe behavior . current chatbots generate toxic and offensive responses, which can be dangerous . |
| Approach: | They construct a dataset called SafeConv that provides comprehensive annotations for chatbots . they compare safe alternatives to rewrite unsafe responses . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can explain unsafe behavior and detoxify chatbots, the authors show . the proposed model is able to detect unsafe utterances, extract unsafe spans, and convert unsafe responses to safe versions. |
Build it Break it Fix it for Dialogue Safety: Robustness from Adversarial Human Attack (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Detecting offensive language in the context of a dialogue is an increasingly important application of natural language processing. |
| Approach: | They propose to train a model to be robust to such attacks by iterative build it, break it, fix it scheme with humans and models in the loop. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is significantly more robust to such human attacks than previous systems. |
GrounDial: Human-norm Grounded Safe Dialog Response Generation (2024.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Recent conversational AI systems generate unsafe responses agreeing to offensive user input or including toxic content. |
| Approach: | They propose a method where response safety is achieved by grounding responses to commonsense social rules without fine-tuning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is quantitatively and qualitatively safer even without additional data or tuning. |
Synthesizing Adversarial Negative Responses for Robust Response Ranking and Evaluation (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Open-domain neural dialogue models have achieved high performance in response ranking and evaluation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose methods for automatically creating adversarial negative training data . they use mask-and-fill and keyword-guided approaches to generate negative examples . |
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Adversarial DPO: Harnessing Harmful Data for Reducing Toxicity with Minimal Impact on Coherence and Evasiveness in Dialogue Agents (2024.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing toxicity within large language models can negatively impact the user experience, causing performance degradation. |
| Approach: | They propose an adversarial DPO algorithm that improves direct preference optimization (DPO) by incorporating harmful data into the generative model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed training algorithm improves the model’s resilience against harmful conversations while minimizing performance degradation. |
Are Personalized Stochastic Parrots More Dangerous? Evaluating Persona Biases in Dialogue Systems (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in Large Language Models enable them to follow freeform instructions, including imitating generic or specific demographic personas in conversations. |
| Approach: | They propose to investigate persona biases by experimenting with UNIVERSALPERSONA, a model that incorporates both generic and specific personas. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model systematically measures persona biases in harmful expression and harmful agreement. |