Challenge: Existing VidQA evaluation metrics limit the models’ application scenario to a single-word answer or selecting a phrase from a fixed set of phrases.
Approach: They propose to leverage video descriptions to mask out certain phrases to enable evaluation of answer phrases.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces the influence of language bias on VidQA datasets by retrieving a video having a different answer for the same question.

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ReasVQA: Advancing VideoQA with Imperfect Reasoning Process (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to VideoQA often fail when complex reasoning or temporal relationships are involved.
Approach: They propose a method that leverages reasoning processes generated by Multimodal Large Language Models to improve VideoQA models.
Outcome: The proposed method improves VideoQA models on three benchmarks.
Video Question Answering: Datasets, Algorithms and Challenges (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in video question answering have led to a surge in popularity . despite the popularity, VideoQA remains one of the greatest challenges .
Approach: They categorize the video question-answer datasets into normal VideoQA, multi-modal VideoQA and knowledge-based VideoQA according to the modalities invoked in the question-announcement pairs.
Outcome: The proposed methods are mainly designed for Factoid QA and inference VideoQA . the proposed methods have been compared with other methods and are robust and interpretable.
Mulan: A Multi-Level Alignment Model for Video Question Answering (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods focus on visual-language alignment at the video level, but they do not account for fine-grained semantic interaction between video and text.
Approach: They propose a multi-level Alignment Model for Video Question Answering that establishes alignment between visual and textual modalities at the object-level, frame-level and video-level.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods even with a small amount of extra visual-language pre-training data and a reduced number of trainable parameters.
A Corpus for Visual Question Answering Annotated with Frame Semantic Information (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a computer vision problem.
Approach: They propose to annotate a visual question answering dataset with verb semantics to help the model understand verbs.
Outcome: The proposed system is built on the imSitu dataset annotated with verb semantic information.
Semantic-Aware Dynamic Retrospective-Prospective Reasoning for Event-Level Video Question Answering (2023.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Event-Level Video Question Answering (EVQA) requires complex reasoning across video events to obtain the visual information needed to provide optimal answers.
Approach: They propose a semantic-aware dynamic retrospective-prospective reasoning approach for video-based question answering that explicitly uses the Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) structure of the question in the dynamic reasoning process.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on a trafficQA benchmark dataset.
Question-Instructed Visual Descriptions for Zero-Shot Video Answering (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing models for video QA rely on complex architectures, expensive pipelines or closed models like GPTs.
Approach: They propose a single instruction-aware open vision-language model to tackle videoQA using frame descriptions.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves higher performance than current state-of-the-art models on videoQA benchmarks.
TutorialVQA: Question Answering Dataset for Tutorial Videos (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a new question answering task on instructional videos is needed due to their verbose nature . factoid questions are only a small part of what people actually want to ask on video contents .
Approach: They propose a question answering task on instructional videos based on video transcripts . they use a dataset consisting of 6,000 manually collected triples of (video, question, answer span)
Outcome: The proposed task focuses on screencast tutorial videos pertaining to an image editing program.
VideoQA-TA: Temporal-Aware Multi-Modal Video Question Answering (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for video question answering align visual or textual features directly with large language models, limiting the deep semantic association between modalities and hindering a comprehensive understanding of interactions within spatial and temporal contexts.
Approach: They propose a temporal-aware framework for multi-modal video question answering that aligns videos and questions at fine-grained levels.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves reasoning ability and accuracy of videoQA by aligning videos and questions at fine-grained levels.
Rethinking Multi-Modal Alignment in Multi-Choice VideoQA from Feature and Sample Perspectives (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to VideoQA focus on utilizing frame- or object-level visual representations, but they neglect visual-language interactions.
Approach: They propose to break down video into trajectories and first leverage trajectory feature in VideoQA to enhance alignment between two modalities.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms all the state-of-the-art models on the NExT-QA benchmark.
Dense-Caption Matching and Frame-Selection Gating for Temporal Localization in VideoQA (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift in the way we get our information, and a lot of it.
Approach: They propose a video question answering model which integrates multi-modal input sources and finds temporally relevant information to answer questions.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art on a TVQA dataset.

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