Challenge: Existing methods for evaluation of open-domain dialogues are expensive and require human annotators to evaluate their quality.
Approach: They propose to use a deep-learning model trained on the general language understanding evaluation benchmark to serve as a quality indication of open-domain dialogues.
Outcome: The proposed model can infer various quality metrics and derive a component-based overall score.

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Towards Holistic and Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialogue Generation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods of open-domain dialogue evaluation are labor-intensive and inefficient.
Approach: They propose to use open-domain dialogues to evaluate different aspects of dialogues using holistic evaluation metrics.
Outcome: The proposed metrics show strong correlations with human judgments.
DiQAD: A Benchmark Dataset for Open-domain Dialogue Quality Assessment (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies on dialogue quality assessment are uncapable of providing an end-to-end and human-epistemic assessment dataset . open-domain dialogue assessment is complicated and costly, but it can be done by recruiting human evaluators.
Approach: They propose a large-scale dialogue quality assessment dataset for automatically assessing open-domain dialogue quality.
Outcome: The proposed dataset is openly accessible at https://github.com/yukunZhao/Dialogue_quality_evaluation.
Achieving Reliable Human Assessment of Open-Domain Dialogue Systems (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Evaluation of open-domain dialogue systems is challenging and unreliable . human evaluation of live conversations is highly reliable, but reliability cannot be assumed .
Approach: They propose a method of open-domain dialogue evaluation that is highly reliable . they compare live conversations with models that avoid pre-created reference dialogues .
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xDial-Eval: A Multilingual Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation Benchmark (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Currently, human evaluation is the most reliable way to holistically judge the quality of the dialogue.
Approach: They propose to use English dialogue evaluation metrics to generalize them to other languages.
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Soda-Eval: Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation in the age of LLMs (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Current evaluation practices of open domain dialogue systems are still highly dependent on human evaluation.
Approach: They propose to use an annotated dataset to evaluate chatbots using large language models.
Outcome: The proposed model improves over few-shot inferences on a GPT-3.5 generated dialogue dataset.
Building and Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogue Corpora with Clarifying Questions (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances on neural approaches to natural language processing have triggered a renaissance in end-to-end neural open-domain chatbots.
Approach: They propose to use offline and online steps to evaluate the quality of clarifying questions in various open-domain dialogues to improve the quality and accuracy of the system response.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline is suitable as a foundation for further research.
Language Model Transformers as Evaluators for Open-domain Dialogues (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Computer-based systems for communication with humans are a cornerstone of AI research since the 1950s.
Approach: They propose to use transformer neural networks to predict one or more words based on an already given context to provide an efficient, automatic indication of dialogue quality.
Outcome: The proposed language models show that human evaluators have a positive correlation between the output of the models and scores.
Learning an Unreferenced Metric for Online Dialogue Evaluation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing tools for dialogue evaluation do not generalize to unseen datasets and/or need a human-generated reference response during inference.
Approach: They propose an unreferenced automated dialogue evaluation metric that uses large pre-trained language models to extract latent representations of utterances and leverages the temporal transitions that exist between them.
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Enhancing the Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation in Latent Space (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to evaluate opendomain dialogues are limited due to the one-to-many nature of dialogues.
Approach: They propose a self-supervised setting to obtain a smooth latent space that captures discourse-level context information and implicitly models more references in latent spaces.
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DEnsity: Open-domain Dialogue Evaluation Metric using Density Estimation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent studies suggest that neural classifiers make overly confident predictions for examples from unseen distributions.
Approach: They propose a new evaluation metric, DENSITY, which measures how likely a response would appear in the distribution of human conversations.
Outcome: The proposed metric measures how likely a response would appear in the distribution of human conversations.

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