Challenge: Existing question types are limited to generating multiple-sense questions . we present a question type-aware question generation framework to generate open-ended questions based on multiple-phrase questions - a task that is less explored .
Approach: They propose a question type-aware question generation framework which predicts question focuses and produces the question.
Outcome: The proposed model improves question quality over competitive comparisons on large-scale datasets.

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CONSISTENT: Open-Ended Question Generation From News Articles (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent work on question generation has largely focused on factoid questions such as who, what, where, when about basic facts.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end system for generating openended questions that are answerable from and faithful to the input text.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models and can be used in news media organizations.
Generating Diverse Story Continuations with Controllable Semantics (D19-56)

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Challenge: a new framework for controllable story continuation generation is proposed . we use frames to generate story continuations based on sentence attributes .
Approach: They propose a framework for controlled generation of multiple, diverse outputs . they use sentiment, length, predicates, frames, and automatically-induced clusters as controllable dimensions .
Outcome: The proposed model produces outputs that match target attributes, the authors show . it also yields higher metric scores than previous models, they show ."
Diversify Question Generation with Continuous Content Selectors and Question Type Modeling (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to generate questions based on answers and relevant contexts are not suitable for all questions .
Approach: They propose a method to generate questions from a given answer and its relevant context.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves a better trade-off between generation quality and diversity compared with existing approaches.
Simple or Complex? Complexity-controllable Question Generation with Soft Templates and Deep Mixture of Experts Model (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing work on complex questions does not consider controlling complexity of generated questions.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end neural complexity-controllable question generation model that incorporates a mixture of experts as the selector of soft templates to capture question similarity while avoiding the expensive construction of actual templates.
Outcome: The proposed model is superior to state-of-the-art methods in both automatic and manual evaluations on two benchmark QA datasets.
Question-type Driven Question Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing work suffers from mismatching between question type and answer . existing work fails to generate questions with type how while answer is personal name .
Approach: They propose to automatically predict the question type based on the input answer and context.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on both SQuAD and MARCO datasets and improves accuracy on the input answer and context.
Expanding, Retrieving and Infilling: Diversifying Cross-Domain Question Generation with Flexible Templates (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for question generation suffer from lack of diversity and bad sentence structures.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates flexible templates with a neural-based model to generate diverse expressions of questions with sentence structure guidance.
Outcome: The proposed framework generates diverse expressions of questions with sentence structure guidance while maintaining high quality and consistency under automatic evaluation and human evaluation.
Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewriting (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing QG systems perform substantially worse in answering multi-hop questions than single-hop ones.
Approach: They propose a framework that progressively increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain.
Outcome: The proposed framework increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain.
An Answer is just the Start: Related Insight Generation for Open-Ended Document-Grounded QA (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing QA benchmarks do not explicitly support document-grounded related insight generation . Existing document-based QA efforts focus on answering fact-based questions .
Approach: They propose a task to generate additional insights from a document collection that improves, extends or rethinks an initial answer to an open-ended question.
Outcome: The proposed task improves, extends, or rethinks an answer to an open-ended question.
Explainable Multi-hop Question Generation: An End-to-End Approach without Intermediate Question Labeling (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing models that generate complex questions do not explain reasoning process behind generated multi-hop questions.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end question rewriting model that increases question complexity through sequential rewrite.
Outcome: The proposed model generates complex questions that require multi-step reasoning over multiple documents.
Question Generation Using Sequence-to-Sequence Model with Semantic Role Labels (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing question generation methods that generate multiple questions from text are labor-intensive and do not capture the complexity of ways a human asks questions.
Approach: They propose a question generation method that combines the benefits of rule-based and neural sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Sequen) models.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves the state-of-the-art neural question generation approaches on three real-world data sets.

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