Challenge: Existing pre-trained models neglect to consider linguistic knowledge of texts . existing models neglect linguistic information, which is important for sentiment analysis .
Approach: They propose a model that introduces word-level linguistic knowledge into pre-trained models to enhance sentiment analysis by querying SentiWordNet to acquire sentiment polarity.
Outcome: The proposed model obtains state-of-the-art performance on a variety of sentiment analysis tasks.

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Challenge: Existing pre-trained language representation models (PLMs) capture sentiment information from word-level while under-considering sentence-level information.
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SentiX: A Sentiment-Aware Pre-Trained Model for Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have been widely applied to cross-domain NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, but fine-tuning them on the source domain tends to overfit, leading to inferior results on the target domain.
Approach: They propose to pre-train a sentiment-aware language model (SentiX) via domain-invariant sentiment knowledge from large-scale review datasets and utilize it for cross-domain sentiment analysis tasks without fine-tuning.
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Exploring Multilingual Pre-trained Language Model for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Aspect-based sentiment analysis studies have focused on English datasets, but labeled data is scarce.
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SKEP: Sentiment Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Sentiment Analysis (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: sentiment knowledge is ignored in sentiment analysis, despite its use in pretraining.
Approach: They propose to use sentiment knowledge to learn a unified sentiment representation for multiple sentiment analysis tasks.
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CharBERT: Character-aware Pre-trained Language Model (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models (PLMs) construct word representations at subword level with Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) or its variations . but these methods split a word into subword units and make it incomplete and fragile .
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Adversarial and Domain-Aware BERT for Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Cross-domain sentiment classification requires large amounts of labeled data.
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Encoding Sentiment Information into Word Vectors for Sentiment Analysis (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for embedding sentiment knowledge into word vectors are generally trained independently of the downstream task.
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Pretraining Sentiment Classifiers with Unlabeled Dialog Data (P18-2)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train sentiment classifiers with unlabeled data are costly and time-consuming.
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Syntax-Aware Graph Attention Network for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to aspect-level sentiment classification focus on modeling the relationship between aspect words and their contexts with attention, and ignore the use of elaborate knowledge implicit in the context.
Approach: They exploit syntactic awareness to the model by the graph attention network on the dependency tree structure and external pre-training knowledge by BERT language model, which helps to model the interaction between the context and aspect words better.
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Syntactically Aware Cross-Domain Aspect and Opinion Terms Extraction (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Supervised-learning approaches fail to scale across domains where labeled data is lacking.
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