On the Reliability and Validity of Detecting Approval of Political Actors in Tweets (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Social media sites have the potential to complement surveys that measure political opinions and, more specifically, political actors’ approval. |
| Approach: | They propose to compare untargeted sentiment, targeted sentiment, and stance detection methods to a set of custom models trained on minimal custom data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods have low generalizability on unseen and familiar targets, while low-resource custom models are more robust. |
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(Mis)alignment Between Stance Expressed in Social Media Data and Public Opinion Surveys (2021.emnlp-main)
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Kenneth Joseph, Sarah Shugars, Ryan Gallagher, Jon Green, Alexi Quintana Mathé, Zijian An, David Lazer
| Challenge: | Existing stance detection methods have been evaluated in comparison to the public opinion data they promise to replace. |
| Approach: | They propose to compare an individual's self-reported stance to the stance inferred from their social media data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models are compared to a public opinion survey with 1,129 individuals across four salient targets. |
Predicting the Topical Stance and Political Leaning of Media using Tweets (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for determining stances of media outlets and influential people are expensive. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses unsupervised learning to ascertain the stance of Twitter users with respect to a polarizing topic by leveraging their retweet behavior. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves 82.6% accuracy compared to gold labels from the Media Bias/Fact Check website . |
P-Stance: A Large Dataset for Stance Detection in Political Domain (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | stance detection is a method to determine whether a text author is in favor of, against or neutral toward a specific target. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a large stance detection dataset in the political domain to detect stances on twitter. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves a macro-average F1-score of 80.53% and can be used to improve cross-domain stance detection. |
Toxicity, Morality, and Speech Act Guided Stance Detection (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies that focus on stance detection ignore the speech act, toxic, and moral features of tweets or lack an efficient architecture to detect the attitudes across targets. |
| Approach: | They propose a multitasking model that extracts valence, arousal, and dominance aspects hidden in tweets and injects the emotional sense into the embedded text followed by an efficient attention framework to correctly detect the tweet’s stance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model exploits the toxicity, morality, and speech act features of the tweets to detect the public's stance. |
Mining Tweets that refer to TV programs with Deep Neural Networks (D19-55)
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| Challenge: | opinion mining is a popular natural language processing technique, but a problem is robustness for user-generated texts . a recent study shows that a model that handles context can extract the opinion target with 90% accuracy . |
| Approach: | They propose a model that handles context in many natural language processing areas to solve a problem of extracting opinion references from text. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on tweets that refer to television programs show the proposed model can extract opinion references with more than 90% accuracy. |
Classification without (Proper) Representation: Political Heterogeneity in Social Media and Its Implications for Classification and Behavioral Analysis (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Prior work has shown that partisan leanings can be inferred from a diverse set of behavioral characteristics such as text, social networks, and even community participation. |
| Approach: | They test this assumption and show that commonly-used models do not generalize . they also show that political users are more toxic on the platform and inter-party interactions are even more toxic . |
| Outcome: | The proposed models do not generalize, indicating heterogeneous political users. |
A Few Topical Tweets are Enough for Effective User Stance Detection (2021.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent work that employs unsupervised classification has shown that user stance detection is highly accurate on vocal Twitter users, but fails for less vocal users, who may have only authored a few tweets about a target. |
| Approach: | They propose to perform user stance detection on vocal Twitter users using contextualized embeddings to represent tweets and then perform unsupervised classification of the user. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms two baseline methods and achieves 89.6% accuracy and 91.3% macro F-measure on eight controversial topics. |
tWT–WT: A Dataset to Assert the Role of Target Entities for Detecting Stance of Tweets (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing stance detection datasets are complex deep neural networks, making them difficult to interpret. |
| Approach: | They propose a new large dataset free of such biases and demonstrate its aptness on existing stance detection systems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves human-level performance on the WT–WT dataset and more than two-third accuracy on other datasets. |
PolitiSky24: U.S. Political Bluesky Dataset with User Stance Labels (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Stance detection is a method of identifying the viewpoint expressed in text toward a specific target, such as a political figure. |
| Approach: | They present a dataset for the 2024 U.S. presidential election that includes 16,044 user-target stance pairs enriched with engagement metadata, interaction graphs, and user posting histories. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset comprises 16,044 user-target stance pairs enriched with engagement metadata, interaction graphs, and user posting histories. |
Toeing the Party Line: Election Manifestos as a Key to Understand Political Discourse on Twitter (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent work on political positioning on Twitter has tended to focus on manifestos rather than social media since it is ambiguous and dependent on social context. |
| Approach: | They propose to use hashtags as a signal to fine-tune text representations for politicians' tweets using a hashtag-based method to predict pairwise positional similarities between parties from the manifesto case to the Twitter case. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method matches politicians' statements to official lines of the parties' tweets, even when only small subsets from shorter time periods are available. |