Challenge: Existing approaches to named entity recognition (NER) are limited by label projection with pairwise texts or direct model transfer.
Approach: They propose a method where NER models in the source languages are used as teachers to train a student model on unlabeled data in the target language.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods for single-source and multi-source cross-lingual NER on target languages.

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What Matters for Neural Cross-Lingual Named Entity Recognition: An Empirical Analysis (D19-1)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition models are challenging for languages with little training data.
Approach: They propose a simple and efficient neural architecture for cross-lingual named entity recognition models.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art on two transferable factors: sequential order and multilingual embedding.
An Unsupervised Multiple-Task and Multiple-Teacher Model for Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models for named entity recognition only consider the potential transferability between two identical tasks across both domains.
Approach: They propose to use a similarity metric model to improve cross-lingual named entity recognition task on target domain.
Outcome: Empirical studies on 7 different languages confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.
A Little Annotation does a Lot of Good: A Study in Bootstrapping Low-resource Named Entity Recognizers (D19-1)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition models rely on large amounts of labeled data, making them challenging to extend to new, lower-resource languages.
Approach: They propose a method for bootstrapping named entity recognition models in under-resourced languages . they use cross-lingual transfer learning and targeted annotation of only uncertain entities .
Outcome: The proposed method achieves competitive accuracy with just one-tenth of training data.
Sources of Transfer in Multilingual Named Entity Recognition (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: naive training of named-entity recognition models using annotated data from multiple languages consistently underperforms monolingual models.
Approach: They propose a polyglot named-entity recognition model where one model is trained using annotated data drawn from multiple languages.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms models trained on monolingual data despite more training data . the proposed model shares many parameters across languages and fine-tunes them to outperFORM monolingual models.
CROP: Zero-shot Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition with Multilingual Labeled Sequence Translation (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) suffers from the scarcity of annotated training data, especially for low-resource languages without labeled data.
Approach: They propose a cross-lingual entity projection framework to enable zero-shot cross-linguistic NER with the help of a multilingual labeled sequence translation model.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the baseline method on two benchmarks by a large margin of +3 7 F1 scores and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Constrained Labeled Data Generation for Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) in lowresource languages has been a challenge for years . Existing methods suffer from low quality of annotated data in target language .
Approach: They propose a method that uses projected annotations to generate pseudo supervised data with a transformer language model and a constrained beam search.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art or competitive performance in low-resource languages.
Improving the Robustness of Distantly-Supervised Named Entity Recognition via Uncertainty-Aware Teacher Learning and Student-Student Collaborative Learning (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) methods require a substantial quantity of high-quality annotation for training models.
Approach: They propose a method to reduce the number of incorrect pseudo labels in self-training . they propose 'uncertainty-aware teacher learning' and 'student-student collaboration'
Outcome: The proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art DS-NER denoising methods.
Named Entity Recognition without Labelled Data: A Weak Supervision Approach (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) performance often degrades when applied to target domains that differ from the texts observed during training.
Approach: They propose a method to learn NER models in the absence of labelled data through weak supervision by using a broad spectrum of labelling functions to automatically annotate texts from the target domain.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on two English datasets and shows that it improves by 7 percentage points on entity-level F1 scores compared to an out-of-domain neural NER model.
CoLaDa: A Collaborative Label Denoising Framework for Cross-lingual Named Entity Recognition (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to named entity recognition (NER) are limited by the cost of labeling and labeling, especially for low-resource languages.
Approach: They propose a model-collaboration-based denoising scheme that enables models trained on different data sources to collaboratively denoise pseudo labels used by each other.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves superior results on benchmark datasets and can generalize to distant languages.
AdvPicker: Effectively Leveraging Unlabeled Data via Adversarial Discriminator for Cross-Lingual NER (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition models rely on expensive labeled data for training, which is not always available across languages.
Approach: They propose an adversarial approach where an encoder learns entity domain knowledge from labeled source-language data and better shared features are captured via adversarially trained discriminators.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on standard benchmark datasets and outperformed existing methods on the target language.

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