Papers with CXR
The Impact of Auxiliary Patient Data on Automated Chest X-Ray Report Generation and How to Incorporate It (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Traditionally, CXR report generation relies on data from a patient’s exam, overlooking valuable information from patient electronic health records. |
| Approach: | They propose to integrate patient data from ED records into multimodal language models that embed patient data into a language model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model incorporates patient data from the MIMIC-CXR and MIMICIV-ED datasets to improve diagnostic accuracy and improves radiologist effectiveness. |
Multimodal Generation of Radiology Reports using Knowledge-Grounded Extraction of Entities and Relations (2022.aacl-main)
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Francesco Dalla Serra, William Clackett, Hamish MacKinnon, Chaoyang Wang, Fani Deligianni, Jeff Dalton, Alison Q. O’Neil
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to generate text radiology reports are prone to errors and poor clinical accuracy. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-step pipeline that subdivides the problem into factual triple extraction followed by free-text report generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline shows that the generated reports exhibit realistic style but lack clinical accuracy. |
RA-RRG: Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Radiology Report Generation with Key Phrase Extraction (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing MLLMs are computationally expensive and may produce hallucinated content . RA-RRG uses large language models to generate radiology reports . |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-augmented RRG framework that combines multimodal retrieval with large language models to generate radiology reports. |
| Outcome: | RA-RRG uses large language models to generate radiology reports . it suppresses hallucinations while maintaining strong report generation performance . |
Fine-Grained Image-Text Alignment in Medical Imaging Enables Explainable Cyclic Image-Report Generation (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Fine-grained vision-language models (VLMs) have been widely used for inter-modality local alignment between fixed patches and textual words, but they provide incomplete representations of lesions. |
| Approach: | They propose an Adaptive patch-word Matching model to correlate chest X-ray (CXR) image regions with words in medical reports and apply it to CXR-report generation to provide explicit explanations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model correlates chest X-ray image regions with words in medical reports and provides explanations for the generation process. |
Show, Describe and Conclude: On Exploiting the Structure Information of Chest X-ray Reports (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies do not consider the complex structure information between and within report sections. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework which exploits the structure information between and within report sections for generating CXR imaging reports. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on two CXR report datasets. |
Can Medical Vision-Language Pre-training Succeed with Purely Synthetic Data? (2025.findings-acl)
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Che Liu, Zhongwei Wan, Haozhe Wang, Yinda Chen, Talha Qaiser, Chen Jin, Nikolay Burlutskiy, Fariba Yousefi, Rossella Arcucci
| Challenge: | Medical Vision-Language Pretraining (MedVLP) models typically require large-scale datasets with paired, high-quality image-text data. |
| Approach: | They propose to generate large-scale synthetic image-text pairs using off-the-shelf generative models . they propose to isolate model and training settings, focusing entirely from the data perspective. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline outperforms models trained on real data by 3.8% on averaged AUC on zero-shot classification tasks. |
Look & Mark: Leveraging Radiologist Eye Fixations and Bounding boxes in Multimodal Large Language Models for Chest X-ray Report Generation (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the automation of medical image analysis, but still suffer from hallucinations and clinically significant errors. |
| Approach: | They propose a grounding fixation strategy that integrates radiologist eye fixations and bounding box annotations into the LLM prompting framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves performance without retraining across domain-specific and general-purpose models and achieves an 87.3% clinical average performance. |
Automated Structured Radiology Report Generation (2025.acl-long)
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Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Justin Xu, Johannes Moll, Alois Thomas, Zhihong Chen, Sophie Ostmeier, Asfandyar Azhar, Kelvin Zhenghao Li, Andrew Johnston, Christian Bluethgen, Eduardo Pontes Reis, Mohamed S Muneer, Maya Varma, Curtis Langlotz
| Challenge: | Existing models struggle to produce consistent, clinically meaningful reports and standard evaluation metrics fail to capture the nuances of radiological interpretation. |
| Approach: | They propose to reformulate free-text radiology reports into a standardized format, ensuring clarity, consistency, and structured clinical reporting. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task reformulates free-text radiology reports into a standardized format, ensuring clarity, consistency, and structured clinical reporting. |
MI-CXR: A Benchmark for Longitudinal Reasoning over Multi-Interval Chest X-rays (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing medical VQA benchmarks focus on single images or short-horizon image pairs. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for standardized evaluation of longitudinal reasoning over multi-visit sequences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark shows low overall performance (29.3% accuracy) and is only modestly above random guessing. |