Papers by Zhehao Zhang
E5: Zero-shot Hierarchical Table Analysis using Augmented LLMs via Explain, Extract, Execute, Exhibit and Extrapolate (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Hierarchical tables with multi-level headers are confusing for models due to their complex structure, implicit semantics, and calculation relationships. |
| Approach: | They propose a code-augmented framework for zero-shot hierarchical table question answering that combines self-explaining the table's hierarchic structures with external code execution to prevent hallucinations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art fine-tuning methods with a 44.38 Exact Match improvement. |
CRT-QA: A Dataset of Complex Reasoning Question Answering over Tabular Data (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) show powerful reasoning abilities on text-based tasks, but their reasoning capability on structured data such as tables has not been systematically explored. |
| Approach: | They first establish a comprehensive taxonomy of reasoning and operation types for tabular data analysis and then construct a complex reasoning QA dataset over tabular dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is able to solve table reasoning tasks without handcrafted demonstrations. |
From Selection to Generation: A Survey of LLM-based Active Learning (2025.acl-long)
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Yu Xia, Subhojyoti Mukherjee, Zhouhang Xie, Junda Wu, Xintong Li, Ryan Aponte, Hanjia Lyu, Joe Barrow, Hongjie Chen, Franck Dernoncourt, Branislav Kveton, Tong Yu, Ruiyi Zhang, Jiuxiang Gu, Nesreen K. Ahmed, Yu Wang, Xiang Chen, Hanieh Deilamsalehy, Sungchul Kim, Zhengmian Hu, Yue Zhao, Nedim Lipka, Seunghyun Yoon, Ting-Hao Kenneth Huang, Zichao Wang, Puneet Mathur, Soumyabrata Pal, Koyel Mukherjee, Zhehao Zhang, Namyong Park, Thien Huu Nguyen, Jiebo Luo, Ryan A. Rossi, Julian McAuley
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used for selection and training of data for active learning. |
| Approach: | They propose an intuitive taxonomy that categorizes LLM-based active learning techniques and discuss the transformative roles they can play in the active learning loop. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can generate entirely new data instances and provide more cost-effective annotations with fewer labeled data instances. |
Mitigating Biases in Hate Speech Detection from A Causal Perspective (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to detect hate speech are prone to spurious correlations between training data and labels, which could lead to biased treatment of vulnerable and minority groups. |
| Approach: | They propose to use grammar induction to find grammar patterns for hate speech and analyze this phenomenon from a causal perspective. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods can detect hate speech from a causal perspective and are robust to different datasets. |
Demystifying Uncertainty in LLMs: Active Calibration between Concepts and Human Evaluations (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing static strategies for mitigating hallucinations do not explicitly model the information gain from interacting with the external environment. |
| Approach: | They propose a calibration-driven interactive learning strategy that selects clarification queries by optimizing calibration error. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method provides theoretical guarantees and empirical gains for reliability. |
Is GPT-4V (ision) All You Need for Automating Academic Data Visualization? Exploring Vision-Language Models’ Capability in Reproducing Academic Charts (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Using Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for data visualizations requires significant time and expertise in both data management and graphic design. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset comprising 2525 high-resolution data visualization figures with captions from AI conferences, extracted directly from source codes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms open-source models in reproducing complex charts while using Chain-of-Thought prompting. |