Papers by Raphael Shu
Enabling Real-time Neural IME with Incremental Vocabulary Selection (N19-2)
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| Challenge: | Input method editor (IME) converts sequential alphabet key inputs to words in a target language. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural-based language model that incrementally builds a subset vocabulary from the word lattice. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves 50x speedup on Japanese IME benchmark without losing conversion accuracy. |
Generating Diverse Translations with Sentence Codes (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to generate diverse translations use different sentence structures . Xu et al., 2018: generating multiple valid translations with high diversity is difficult . |
| Approach: | They propose to use sentence codes to condition the sentence generation to obtain diverse translations . they propose to sample multiple candidates, each of which conditioned on a unique code . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method generates paraphrase translations with drastically different structures . the proposed method can be easily adopted to existing translation systems . |
Iterative Refinement in the Continuous Space for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing non-autoregressive inference procedures that refine in token space often require computational overhead. |
| Approach: | They propose an efficient inference procedure that iteratively refines translation purely in the continuous space using a latent variable instead of the latent variables. |
| Outcome: | The proposed procedure is twice as efficient and more effective than the existing EM-like inference procedure. |
Pre-training Intent-Aware Encoders for Zero- and Few-Shot Intent Classification (2023.emnlp-main)
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Mujeen Sung, James Gung, Elman Mansimov, Nikolaos Pappas, Raphael Shu, Salvatore Romeo, Yi Zhang, Vittorio Castelli
| Challenge: | Existing methods for IC training do not provide sufficient examples for each intent . a novel pre-training method is proposed to provide a better understanding of intents . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses contrastive learning with intent psuedo-labels to produce embeddings that are well-suited for IC tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves 5.4% and 4.0% higher accuracy than the current state-of-the-art method on four IC datasets. |
CONFETTI: Conversational Function-Calling Evaluation Through Turn-Level Interactions (2025.acl-long)
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Tamer Alkhouli, Katerina Margatina, James Gung, Raphael Shu, Claudia Zaghi, Monica Sunkara, Yi Zhang
| Challenge: | Current benchmarks lack comprehensive assessment of large language models in complex conversational scenarios. |
| Approach: | They introduce a conversational benchmark to evaluate function-calling capabilities of large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark evaluates the function-calling capabilities and response quality of large language models. |
TReMu: Towards Neuro-Symbolic Temporal Reasoning for LLM-Agents with Memory in Multi-Session Dialogues (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Temporal reasoning in multi-session dialogues presents a significant challenge which has been under-studied in previous temporal reasoning benchmarks. |
| Approach: | They propose to augment LoCoMo dialogues and create multi-choice QAs to construct a temporal reasoning evaluation task and a framework to enhance temporal thinking capabilities of LLM-agents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework significantly improves temporal reasoning performance compared to baseline methods, raising from 29.83 on GPT-4o via standard prompting to 77.67 via the proposed framework. |
Improving Beam Search by Removing Monotonic Constraint for Neural Machine Translation (P18-2)
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| Challenge: | a beam search algorithm produces monotonic left-to-right order, meaning a hypothesis cannot be revisited . a proposed algorithm allows discarded hypotheses to be recovered in a later step. |
| Approach: | They propose to decode a beam search algorithm that considers multiple hypotheses simultaneously . they propose to maintain all found hypothese a single priority queue and a universal score function . |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm improves translations even for high-performance models in English-Japanese translation task. |
Faithful, Unfaithful or Ambiguous? Multi-Agent Debate with Initial Stance for Summary Evaluation (2025.naacl-long)
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Mahnaz Koupaee, Jake W. Vincent, Saab Mansour, Igor Shalyminov, Han He, Hwanjun Song, Raphael Shu, Jianfeng He, Yi Nian, Amy Wing-mei Wong, Kyu J. Han, Hang Su
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to evaluate faithfulness of summaries are often fooled by the fluency of the text and struggle with identifying errors. |
| Approach: | They propose an approach to summary faithfulness evaluation where multiple LLM-based agents are assigned initial stances and forced to come up with a reason to justify belief. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach can identify ambiguities and have even stronger performance on non-ambiguous summaries. |
Structured List-Grounded Question Answering (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Document-grounded dialogue systems aim to answer user queries by leveraging external information. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset to evaluate QA systems' ability to interpret and use structured lists . they use language models and model-based filtering processes to enhance data quality . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines on the LIST2QA dataset . it shows that the proposed model is more accurate and complete than baselines . |