Challenge: Existing automatic metrics for evaluating text are expensive and time-consuming.
Approach: They propose automatic metrics that evaluate text in a continuous space using word and sentence embeddings.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms ROUGE on machine-generated summaries and human-authored essays on human-generated texts.

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Sentence Pair Embeddings Based Evaluation Metric for Abstractive and Extractive Summarization (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics, such as ROUGE and BLEU, rely on exact word matching and fail to capture semantic similarity.
Approach: They propose to use contextualized word or sentence embeddings to capture semantic similarity between sentences to evaluate text summarization methods.
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Automated Metrics for Medical Multi-Document Summarization Disagree with Human Evaluations (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Prior work has shown that models may exploit shortcuts that are difficult to detect using standard n-gram similarity metrics such as ROUGE.
Approach: They propose to use human-assessed summary quality facets and pairwise preferences to improve MDS evaluation methods.
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MoverScore: Text Generation Evaluating with Contextualized Embeddings and Earth Mover Distance (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics are not capable of evaluating text quality.
Approach: They propose a metric that compares system output against reference texts based on semantics rather than surface forms.
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SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluation (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: a lack of comprehensive studies on evaluation metrics for text summarization hinders progress . a new study aims to improve evaluation metrics that correlate with human judgments .
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Evaluate AMR Graph Similarity via Self-supervised Learning (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Current AMR metrics do not consider the entire structure of AMR graphs .
Approach: They propose to learn automatic AMR graph similarity evaluation metric by encoding AMR to a pre-trained language model and using GNN adapters to capture structural information of AMR diagrams.
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Re-evaluating Evaluation in Text Summarization (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Automated evaluation metrics are an essential part of the development of text-generation tasks such as summarization.
Approach: They propose to use top-scoring system outputs to assess the reliability of automatic evaluation metrics for text summarization.
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A Human Evaluation of AMR-to-English Generation Systems (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: a recent human evaluation of AMR generation systems is compared to automated metrics.
Approach: They propose a human evaluation which collects fluency and adequacy scores and categorization of error types for AMR generation systems.
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Adapting Sentence-level Automatic Metrics for Document-level Simplification Evaluation (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies on text simplification have focused on sentence simplification, but these metrics often underperform on longer texts.
Approach: They propose to adapt existing sentence-level metrics for paragraph- or document-level simplification by incorporating a new approach to the evaluation of text simplification metrics.
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Just Rank: Rethinking Evaluation with Word and Sentence Similarities (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Word and sentence similarity tasks are the de facto evaluation method for embeddings.
Approach: They propose a new intrinsic evaluation method called EvalRank which shows a much stronger correlation with downstream tasks.
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Semantically Driven Sentence Fusion: Modeling and Evaluation (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Sentence fusion is the task of joining related sentences into coherent text.
Approach: They propose a method where ground-truth solutions are automatically expanded into multiple references via curated equivalence classes of connective phrases.
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