Challenge: a recent study has shown that language models which can generate emotional sentences are limited to one affective category out of a few.
Approach: a new research proposal proposes a language model which can produce multiple emotions simultaneously. authors propose to use a long-term memory language model to allow for variation in multiple emotions.
Outcome: a new language model allows for variation in multiple emotions simultaneously . the proposed model is based on a model of long-term memory .

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Adapting a Language Model for Controlled Affective Text Generation (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for affective text generation fail to capture emotional aspects of conversations without explicit affective information.
Approach: They propose to incorporate emotion as prior for the probabilistic state-of-the-art text generation model such as GPT-2 and incorporate emotion into the model to ensure grammatical correctness.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models in all intensities and is robust to human evaluations.
MojiTalk: Generating Emotional Responses at Scale (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies on emotion-generating systems focus on small sets of labeled datasets.
Approach: They propose to leverage Twitter data that are naturally labeled with emojis to generate emotional responses.
Outcome: The proposed models can generate high-quality conversation responses in accordance with designated emotions.
Representation Mapping: A Novel Approach to Generate High-Quality Multi-Lingual Emotion Lexicons (L18-1)

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Challenge: Existing representational frameworks for emotion encoding are incompatible with semantic polarity, resulting in a large amount of incompatible emotion lexicons.
Approach: They propose to map different emotion representation formats onto each other for mutual compatibility and interoperability of language resources.
Outcome: The proposed method produces (near-)gold quality emotion lexicons even in crosslingual settings.
DYPLOC: Dynamic Planning of Content Using Mixed Language Models for Text Generation (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing neural generation models fall short of coherence, thus requiring efficient content planning.
Approach: They propose a generation framework that conducts dynamic planning of content while generating the output based on a novel design of mixed language models.
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Automatic Dialogue Generation with Expressed Emotions (N18-2)

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Challenge: a growing interest in neural dialogue generation systems is focusing on generating human-like responses based on past utterances . despite efforts, few consider putting restrictions on the response itself . authors present three models that concatenate the desired emotion with the source input .
Approach: They propose three models that concatenate the desired emotion with the source input or push the emotion in the decoder.
Outcome: The proposed model is more efficient than the previous models, but it lacks the emotion vector.
Modelling Context Emotions using Multi-task Learning for Emotion Controlled Dialog Generation (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent research has tackled this task using neural generative methods by augmenting emotion classes with the input sequences.
Approach: They propose to use a self-attention based encoder and a decoder with dot product attention mechanism to generate a viable response with a specified emotion.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines on automatic evaluation measures such as F1 and BLEU scores, thus resulting in more fluent and adequate responses.
DialogueTRM: Exploring Multi-Modal Emotional Dynamics in a Conversation (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies focus on the self and inter-personal dependencies in multi-modal conversations, but they ignore the temporal and spatial dependencies.
Approach: They propose a Dialogue Transformer for simultaneously modeling the intra-modal and inter-modal emotion dynamics.
Outcome: The proposed models outperform the state-of-the-art on three benchmark datasets.
When Words Smile: Generating Diverse Emotional Facial Expressions from Text (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing systems that generate only coarse facial expressions ignore the rich and dynamic nature of face-to-face communication.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end text-to expression model that explicitly focuses on emotional dynamics.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines on 15,000 text–3D expression pairs on a large-scale dataset.
Harmonizing Code-mixed Conversations: Personality-assisted Code-mixed Response Generation in Dialogues (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: blending multiple languages within a single conversation presents a formidable challenge, given the wide-ranging variations influenced by individual speaking styles and cultural backgrounds.
Approach: They propose a novel approach to harness the Big Five personality traits acquired in an unsupervised manner from code-mixed conversations to bolster the performance of response generation.
Outcome: The proposed approach enhances contextual relevance and performance of the proposed model by combining personality traits with dialogue context.
Beyond Sentence-level Labels: Integrating Conversational Context and Personal Experience for Natural Emotional Expression (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing systems rely on sentence-level labels, which fails to capture the subtle nuances of human affect.
Approach: They propose to use a large-scale, context-aware speech corpus derived from multi-speaker audiobooks to generate a speech that is human-like.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods in terms of emotional expression accuracy and naturalness.

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