| Challenge: | Recent work on explanation and interpretation has introduced methods to provide insights toward the model’s behaviour and predictions, but they do not improve the model's reliability. |
| Approach: | They propose to provide explanation training and ensure alignment of model’s explanation with ground truth explanation to ensure the model makes correct predictions for the right reason. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method produces more reliable predictions while delivering better results compared to traditional models. |
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Interpreting Recurrent and Attention-Based Neural Models: a Case Study on Natural Language Inference (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | In this paper, we examine the behavior of deep learning models in their intermediate layers . saliency determines what is critical for the final decision of a deep model . |
| Approach: | They propose to interpret the intermediate layers of deep models by visualizing the saliency of attention and LSTM gating signals. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods reveal interesting insights and identify critical information contributing to the model decisions. |
Evaluating Saliency Explanations in NLP by Crowdsourcing (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | a crowdsourced method to evaluate saliency methods in NLP is proposed . saliencies are difficult for humans to understand, and can cause psychological harm . |
| Approach: | They propose a method to evaluate saliency methods in NLP by crowdsourcing . they recruited 800 crowd workers and empirically evaluated seven salience methods . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method evaluates saliency methods on two datasets using crowdsourced data . it shows that the results are comparable to existing methods on NLP and CV fields . |
Evaluating Saliency Methods for Neural Language Models (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | a general complaint of neural network models is that their internal decision mechanisms are hard to understand. |
| Approach: | They evaluate the quality of prediction interpretations from two perspectives: plausibility and faithfulness. |
| Outcome: | The evaluation of saliency methods on neural language models shows they can be trusted . the methods can be used to interpret the same prediction, but they disagree on interpretations . |
Interpreting Predictions of NLP Models (2020.emnlp-tutorials)
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| Challenge: | This tutorial will provide a background on interpretation techniques for neural NLP models. |
| Approach: | This tutorial will provide a background on interpretation techniques for NLP models . it will examine saliency maps, input perturbations, adversarial attacks and influence functions . |
| Outcome: | This tutorial will provide a background on interpretation techniques . examples-specific interpretations include saliency maps, input perturbations, adversarial attacks, influence functions . |
SHAP-Based Explanation Methods: A Review for NLP Interpretability (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing models with opacity problems have been proposed to address this problem. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified local-interpretability framework with a rigorous theoretical foundation on the game-theoretic concept of Shapley values. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is based on the Shapley-value-based model explanations. |
Easy to Decide, Hard to Agree: Reducing Disagreements Between Saliency Methods (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | A popular approach to unveiling the black box of neural NLP models is to leverage saliency methods, which assign scalar importance scores to each input component. |
| Approach: | They propose to use saliency methods to evaluate whether an explanation is faithful and argue that Pearson-r is a better-suited alternative to rank correlation. |
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When and Why Does Bias Mitigation Work? (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Neural models exploit shallow surface features to perform language understanding tasks, rather than learning the deeper language understanding and reasoning skills that practitioners desire. |
| Approach: | They propose to use model debiasing techniques to pressure models away from spurious features and to use them to learn useful representations instead. |
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Why Attention is Not Explanation: Surgical Intervention and Causal Reasoning about Neural Models (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | a recent study finds brittleness in explanations obtained through attention mechanisms . a philosophy of science theory allows robust yet non-causal reasoning in explanation . |
| Approach: | They propose to use philosophy of science to examine the state-of-the-art in explanation for NLP models . they argue that it is impossible to explain attention-based learning by attention mechanisms . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model selection criteria are based on philosophy of science theories . the proposed model is based upon a model that is more explainable than a classical model . |
Learning to Deceive with Attention-Based Explanations (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Attention mechanisms are ubiquitous components in neural network architectures and are often claimed to confer interpretability. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for training models to produce deceptive attention masks by combining weights assigned to designated impermissible tokens with a weighted sum. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the weight assigned to designated impermissible tokens while still using them across multiple models and tasks. |
Is Attention Explanation? An Introduction to the Debate (2022.acl-long)
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Adrien Bibal, Rémi Cardon, David Alfter, Rodrigo Wilkens, Xiaoou Wang, Thomas François, Patrick Watrin
| Challenge: | Attention has been used in various tasks of NLP and other fields of machine learning to increase performance and provide some explanations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use attention as an explanation for deep learning models to increase performance . they propose to apply attention weights to queries and queries based on scalar scores . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to increase performance while providing some explanations. |