| Challenge: | Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenging task that requires systems to reason about natural language and vision. |
| Approach: | They propose four categories of auxiliary features for ensembling for VQA . three out of the four categories can be inferred from an image-question pair . fourth category uses model-specific explanations . |
| Outcome: | The proposed techniques improve performance for visual question answering (VQA) given an image and a natural language question, the task is to provide an accurate natural language answer. |
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Tell-and-Answer: Towards Explainable Visual Question Answering using Attributes and Captions (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to visual question answering represent images using pre-trained CNNs . but they rarely provide any insight, apart from the answer, into the VQA process . |
| Approach: | They propose to break up the end-to-end VQA into two steps: explaining and reasoning . they first extract attributes and generate descriptions as explanations for an image . a reasoning module utilizes these explanations in place of the image to infer an answer . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system achieves comparable performance with baselines, but with added benefits of explanability and the ability to improve with higher quality explanations. |
ProtoVQA: An Adaptable Prototypical Framework for Explainable Fine-Grained Visual Question Answering (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Visual Question Answering (VQA) is increasingly used in diverse applications where models must provide accurate answers and explanations that humans can easily understand and verify. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified prototypical framework that learns question-aware prototypes that serve as reasoning anchors and applies spatially constrained matching to ensure that the selected evidence is coherent and semantically relevant. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework yields faithful, fine-grained explanations while maintaining competitive accuracy. |
Co-VQA : Answering by Interactive Sub Question Sequence (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to Visual Question Answering (VQA) answer questions directly, but people usually decompose a complex question into a sequence of simple sub questions. |
| Approach: | They propose a conversation-based VQA framework that decomposes questions into sub questions and answers them one-by-one. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art on VQA 2.0 and VQA-CP v2 datasets. |
Open-Ended Visual Question Answering by Multi-Modal Domain Adaptation (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to visual question answering (VQA) are not suitable for real-world applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a supervised multi-modal domain adaptation method for visual question answering in images that exploits supervised domain adaptation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the benchmark VQA 2.0 and VizWiz datasets. |
Cross-Modal Retrieval Augmentation for Multi-Modal Classification (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in using retrieval components over external knowledge sources have shown impressive results for a variety of downstream tasks in natural language processing. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-augmented multi-modal transformer architecture for embedding images and captions in the same space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves visual question answering over strong baselines and hot-swapping indices. |
Towards One-to-Many Visual Question Answering (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing Visual Question Answering systems are constrained to support domain-specific questions . a model trained on a single specific domain may not be competent for real-world application. |
| Approach: | They propose a task to enable a single model to answer as many different domains of questions as possible . they break the task down into the integration of three key abilities . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can answer as many domains of questions as possible, the authors argue . the proposed model generalizes well to three extra zero-shot datasets, and the results are published. |
Modular Visual Question Answering via Code Generation (2023.acl-short)
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Sanjay Subramanian, Medhini Narasimhan, Kushal Khangaonkar, Kevin Yang, Arsha Nagrani, Cordelia Schmid, Andy Zeng, Trevor Darrell, Dan Klein
| Challenge: | a framework for visual question answering is based on modular code generation . the scope of reasoning needed for visual questions is vast, and requires many skills . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that formulates visual question answering as modular code generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves accuracy on COVR and GQA datasets by 3% and 2% compared to the few-shot baseline that does not employ code generation. |
All You May Need for VQA are Image Captions (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Visual Question Answering (VQA) has benefited from increasingly sophisticated models, but has not enjoyed the same level of engagement in terms of data creation. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that automatically derives VQA examples at volume by leveraging existing image-caption annotations combined with neural models for textual question generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves state-of-the-art zero-shot accuracy by double digits and achieves robustness that lacks in the same model trained on human-annotated VQA data. |
Intrinsic Subgraph Generation for Interpretable Graph Based Visual Question Answering (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Visual Question Answering (VQA) is acknowledged as a challenging multi-modal task for Machine Learning (ML). |
| Approach: | They propose an interpretable approach for graph-based Visual Question Answering . their model is designed to intrinsically produce a subgraph during the question-answering process as its explanation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing explainable methods on a graph-based VQA dataset. |
In Factuality: Efficient Integration of Relevant Facts for Visual Question Answering (2021.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Current Visual Question Answering (VQA) models are trained on labelled data that may be insufficient to learn complex knowledge representations. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to integrate external knowledge into a visual pre-trained model by integrating facts extracted from a knowledge base. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline models on the KVQA dataset benchmark by 19% and shows that it is weaker than previous models. |