| Challenge: | Using the space of natural language strings as a parameter space is an effective way to capture natural task structure. |
| Approach: | They propose to use natural language as a parameter space for few-shot learning problems including classification, transduction and policy search. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms models with a linguistic parameterization on image classification, text editing, and reinforcement learning. |
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How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model? (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | In this paper, we show that large neural language models trained on unstructured text can attain competitive results on open-domain question answering benchmarks without access to external knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose to fine-tune pre-trained neural language models to answer questions without external knowledge . they show that this approach scales with model size and performs competitively . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach scales with model size and performs competitively with open-domain systems that explicitly retrieve answers from an external knowledge source when answering questions. |
DeepStruct: Pretraining of Language Models for Structure Prediction (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Pretrained language models perform structural understanding tasks that focus on understanding one aspect of the text. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for improving the structural understanding abilities of language models by pretraining them to generate structures from the text on task-agnostic corpora. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs state-of-the-art on 21 of 28 datasets. |
Language in a (Search) Box: Grounding Language Learning in Real-World Human-Machine Interaction (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Scholarly work in this area uses toy worlds and synthetic linguistic data, but grounded language learning offers several practical and scientific advantages. |
| Approach: | They propose to model teacher-learner dynamics through natural interactions occurring between users and search engines. |
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Parameter Space Factorization for Zero-Shot Learning across Tasks and Languages (2021.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Currently, there are only 24 languages in the world that have not been annotated . transferring knowledge across domains is a common solution . |
| Approach: | They propose a Bayesian generative model for the space of neural parameters that factorizes into latent variables for each language and each task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can perform better than state-of-the-art methods with a typologically diverse sample of 33 languages from 4 continents and 11 families. |
Language Model Pre-Training with Sparse Latent Typing (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Modern large-scale Pre-trained Language Models focus on text reconstruction, but have not sought to learn latent-level interpretable representations of sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose a new pre-training objective that enables the model to learn latent types . the objective allows the model a self-supervised way to extract sentence-level keywords . |
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Learning Music Helps You Read: Using Transfer to Study Linguistic Structure in Language Models (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | et al., 2018a, 2018b) show that LSTMs can transfer from non-linguistic data to natural language models with different types of abstract structure. |
| Approach: | They propose to use transfer learning to analyze encoding of grammatical structure in neural language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves test performance on natural language despite no overlap in surface form or vocabulary. |
Latent Structure Models for Natural Language Processing (P19-4)
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| Challenge: | Latent structure models are a powerful tool for compositional data modeling and pipelines. |
| Approach: | This tutorial will cover recent advances in discrete latent structure models . it will discuss their motivation, potential, and limitations . |
| Outcome: | This tutorial will cover recent advances in discrete latent structure models . it will discuss their motivation, potential, and limitations . |
Pretraining with Artificial Language: Studying Transferable Knowledge in Language Models (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that pretraining with an artificial language with nesting dependency structure provides some knowledge transferable to natural language. |
| Approach: | They propose to pretrain artificial languages with structural properties that mimic natural language and then test their performance on downstream tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed language models show strong performance across languages and languages. |
Deep Latent Variable Models of Natural Language (D18-3)
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| Challenge: | In this tutorial, we will discuss the challenges of applying neural variational inference to NLP problems. |
| Approach: | The tutorial will cover deep latent variable models in the case where exact inference over the latent variables is tractable. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tutorial will cover deep latent variable models in the case where inference cannot be performed tractably and when it is not . |
Infusing Finetuning with Semantic Dependencies (2021.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Several diagnostics help to localize the benefits of our approach. |
| Approach: | They apply convolutional graph encoders to integrate semantic parses into task-specific finetuning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach yields benefits to natural language understanding (NLU) tasks in the GLUE benchmark. |