Challenge: Existing annotation guidelines for non-standard entity types and relations are lacking in news and forum texts.
Approach: They propose a corpus study and an annotation schema for the annotation of product entity and company-product relation mentions.
Outcome: The proposed annotation schema and guidelines are applied to the annotation of product entities and company-product relation mentions.

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Named Entities in Medical Case Reports: Corpus and Experiments (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Only very few annotated corpora in the medical domain exist.
Approach: They propose to annotate medical entities in case reports from PubMed Central's open access library.
Outcome: The proposed corpus is the first of its kind to be made available to the scientific community in English.
A French Corpus and Annotation Schema for Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction of Financial News (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Strict regulatory regimes mandate financial institutions to rigorously monitor their customers' financial activities.
Approach: They propose to use an ontology of compliance-related concepts and relationships along with a corpus annotated according to it to train and evaluate named entity recognition algorithms.
Outcome: The proposed ontology allows for training and evaluating domain-specific named entity recognition and relation extraction algorithms.
A Short Survey on Sense-Annotated Corpora (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a key task in Natural Language Understanding.
Approach: They propose to use sense-annotated corpora for supervised Word Sense Disambiguation.
Outcome: The proposed methods have been compared with knowledge-based approaches and have shown to be more efficient when they are available.
Entity or Relation Embeddings? An Analysis of Encoding Strategies for Relation Extraction (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to relation extraction use concatenating embeddings of head and tail entities . however, such representations capture the types of the entities involved, leading to false positives and confusion between relations involving entities of the same type.
Approach: They propose a model which combines [MASK] embeddings with entity embedds to learn relation embeddations.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art on several benchmarks . it uses a self-supervised pre-training strategy which further improves the results.
Annotation of a Large Clinical Entity Corpus (D18-1)

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Challenge: Past researches have shown the superiority of statistical/ML approaches over the rule based approaches.
Approach: They propose to annotate a clinical domain annotated corpus using a small data set or a narrower domain to take full advantage of machine learning.
Outcome: The proposed corpus contains 5,160 clinical documents from forty different clinical specialties.
Recognizing Complex Entity Mentions: A Review and Future Directions (P18-3)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) is a task of identifying and classifying named entities (NE) within text.
Approach: They review existing methods for identifying and classifying named entities within text . they identify the research gap and propose a new approach to tackle these problems .
Outcome: The proposed methods address the identified identified gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future work.
To Boldly Query What No One Has Annotated Before? The Frontiers of Corpus Querying (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: a systematic review of corpora and query tools focuses on the query side . annotated corporata are the backbone of many fields in linguistics .
Approach: They propose a chronology of the major interplay between corpus progression and query tool evolution . they focus on the query side and hints at exciting directions for future development .
Outcome: This paper provides a broad overview of the history of corpora and query tools . it focuses on the query side and hints at exciting directions for future development .
UkraiNER: A New Corpus and Annotation Scheme towards Comprehensive Entity Recognition (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition excludes nested, discontinuous, non-named entities in practice . despite attempts to broaden their coverage, the most restrictive variant of NER remains the default .
Approach: They propose a new annotation scheme that offers higher comprehensiveness while preserving simplicity.
Outcome: The proposed scheme offers higher comprehensiveness while preserving simplicity . it also includes an annotation tool to implement the scheme on the corpus UkraiNER .
A Broad-coverage Corpus for Finnish Named Entity Recognition (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP).
Approach: They propose to annotate Finnish named entity names using a new corpus built on the Universal Dependencies corpus.
Outcome: The new annotation identifies over 10,000 mentions and maintains compatibility with a previously released single-domain corpus for Finnish NER.
Handling Entity Normalization with no Annotated Corpus: Weakly Supervised Methods Based on Distributional Representation and Ontological Information (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Entity normalization is an important subtask of information extraction . it links entities mentions in text to categories or concepts in a reference vocabulary .
Approach: They propose a method that uses corpus selection, pre-processing and weak supervision strategies to address the scarcity of training data.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and parametrization . it uses corpus selection, pre-processing and weak supervision strategies .

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