Challenge: Recent advances in machine reading and listening comprehension involve the annotation of long texts.
Approach: They propose a way to perform a sentence-by-sentence annotation task with crowd annotators.
Outcome: The proposed approach can be used to identify claims in a debate speech.

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A Streamlined Method for Sourcing Discourse-level Argumentation Annotations from the Crowd (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for analyzing discourse-level argument annotations require expensive labor and data.
Approach: They propose a method that breaks down a popular but complex discourse-level argument annotation scheme into a simple iterative procedure that can be applied even by untrained annotators.
Outcome: The proposed method can be applied even by untrained annotators.
Crowdsourcing Beyond Annotation: Case Studies in Benchmark Data Collection (2021.emnlp-tutorials)

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Challenge: Developing a theory of crowdsourcing for practical language problems remains an open challenge .
Approach: This tutorial exposes NLP researchers to data collection crowdsourcing methods and principles through case studies.
Outcome: This tutorial exposes NLP researchers to various data collection crowdsourcing methods and practices through case studies.
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Aggregating and Analysing Crowdsourced Annotations for NLP (D19-59)

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Challenge: The first workshop on crowdsourcing for NLP is open to all .
Approach: The first workshop on crowdsourcing annotations for NLP is held at the acl.com . the workshop will focus on methods for aggregating and analysing crowdsourced data for Nl-specific tasks.
Outcome: The first workshop on crowdsourcing for NLP received 16 submissions and accepted 7 . the workshop will focus on ambiguous, subjective or ambiguity analysis of crowdsourced data .
Are We Modeling the Task or the Annotator? An Investigation of Annotator Bias in Natural Language Understanding Datasets (D19-1)

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Challenge: Having only a few workers generate the majority of dataset examples raises concerns about data diversity .
Approach: They perform a series of experiments to investigate annotator biases in recent NLU datasets . they find that models are able to recognize the most productive annotators .
Outcome: The results show that models can recognize the most productive annotators and do not generalize well to examples from annotator that did not contribute to the training set.
Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Data (N18-2)

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Challenge: Large-scale datasets for natural language inference are created by crowdsourcing annotations . authors show that success of natural language models to date has been overestimated .
Approach: They propose a method for crowdsourcing annotations to generate 3 new sentences based on a sentence (premise) they show that a simple text categorization model can correctly classify the hypothesis alone in about 67% of SNLI and 53% of MultiNLI .
Outcome: The proposed model can classify the hypothesis alone in 67% of SNLI and 53% of MultiNLI datasets.
What Ingredients Make for an Effective Crowdsourcing Protocol for Difficult NLU Data Collection Tasks? (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Despite the importance of datasets for natural language understanding, there has been little attention on crowdsourcing methods for collecting datasets.
Approach: They compare the effectiveness of crowdsourcing methods for boosting NLU example difficulty with training crowdworkers instead of expert judgments.
Outcome: The proposed method is ineffective for boosting NLU example difficulty, but it is not effective for training crowdworkers and qualifying workers based on expert judgments.
Crowdsourcing Natural Language Data at Scale: A Hands-On Tutorial (2021.naacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: a tutorial on crowdsourcing for efficient data annotation will introduce crowdsourcing and provide an overview of the technology.
Approach: This tutorial will introduce users to efficient data annotation via crowdsourcing marketplaces.
Outcome: This tutorial will introduce users to the use of crowdsourcing for data annotation.
A Web-based System for Crowd-in-the-Loop Dependency Treebanking (L18-1)

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Challenge: Existing treebanks are limited in size, genre, and topic coverage, making manual annotation time-consuming and expensive.
Approach: They propose a web-based interactive tool for editing dependency trees that uses machine learning to accelerate annotation.
Outcome: CROWDTREE is a web-based interactive tool for editing dependency trees . it can train a parsing model during the annotation process and can even be compatible with Mechanical Turk.
GPTs Are Multilingual Annotators for Sequence Generation Tasks (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods of data annotation are time-consuming and expensive . complexity of crowdsourcing increases when dealing with low-resource languages .
Approach: They propose an autonomous method to gather unlabeled data and label them using large language models.
Outcome: The proposed method is cost-efficient and applicable for low-resource language annotation.
Machine-Aided Annotation for Fine-Grained Proposition Types in Argumentation (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a corpus of 2016 debates and commentary contains 4,648 argumentative propositions annotated with fine-grained proposition types.
Approach: They propose a machine learning-human workflow for annotating for four complex proposition types . they demonstrate with preliminary analysis of rhetorical strategies and structure in presidential debates .
Outcome: The proposed method can be used by technical researchers seeking more nuanced representations of argument . it can also be used to analyze rhetorical strategies and structure in presidential debates .

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