| Challenge: | lexical bias stems from content realization, or how things are said, but other forms of bias stem from content selection and organization. |
| Approach: | They use a dataset to analyze news articles annotated with 1,727 bias spans to investigate informational bias. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model shows that informational bias appears more frequently than lexical bias. |
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| Challenge: | a new study examines the factuality of news media and its biases . social media has democratized content creation and spread information online . |
| Approach: | They propose to characterize entire news media to predict factuality and bias . they experiment with news websites and a set of features derived from their content . |
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A Survey on Predicting the Factuality and the Bias of News Media (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a growing number of scholars are profiling entire news outlets to profile fake content . political bias detection is also an important topic, but the two problems have been addressed separately . |
| Approach: | They argue that media profiling should be based on factuality and bias together . they argue that it is difficult to fact-check every single suspicious claim or article manually . |
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Profiling News Media for Factuality and Bias Using LLMs and the Fact-Checking Methodology of Human Experts (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Important efforts to characterize news media outlets in terms of their political bias and factuality are labor-intensive and prone to human biases. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that emulates criteria used by professional fact-checkers to assess the factuality and political bias of an entire outlet. |
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Media Bias Detection Across Families of Language Models (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Traditional NLP models have shown good performance in classifying media bias, but require careful model design and extensive tuning. |
| Approach: | They ask how well prompting of large language models can recognize media bias. |
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Context in Informational Bias Detection (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Informational bias is conveyed through sentences or clauses that provide tangential, speculative or background information that can sway readers’ opinions towards entities. |
| Approach: | They explore four kinds of context for informational bias in English news articles . integrating event context improves classification performance over a strong baseline . |
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Annotating and Analyzing Biased Sentences in News Articles using Crowdsourcing (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | a lack of publicly available news bias datasets has hindered efforts to detect subtle biases in news articles. |
| Approach: | They propose a news bias dataset which contains sentences with bias labels . they propose to use the dataset to develop and evaluate methods for detecting news bias . |
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Media Bias, the Social Sciences, and NLP: Automating Frame Analyses to Identify Bias by Word Choice and Labeling (2020.acl-srw)
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| Challenge: | slanted news coverage can have negative effects on individuals and society . a system that helps readers to become aware of the differences in media coverage caused by bias is being developed. |
| Approach: | They propose to use natural language processing and deep learning to identify instances of WCL bias and estimate the frames they induce. |
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Neural Media Bias Detection Using Distant Supervision With BABE - Bias Annotations By Experts (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on the detection and aggregation of media bias lack a gold standard data set and high context dependencies. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a data set to identify media bias by word and sentence level . they propose to train a model to detect bias-inducing sentences in news articles automatically . |
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SAFARI: Cross-lingual Bias and Factuality Detection in News Media and News Articles (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | a new corpus of news media and articles is developed to assess political bias and factuality in cross-lingual contexts . integrity and objectivity of news are crucial in an age of information sharing across cultural and language landscapes - a recent study shows . |
| Approach: | They propose a corpus of news media and articles for predicting political bias and factuality . they evaluate the cross-lingual ability of the models; however, they evaluate on English data . |
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Investigating Bias in LLM-Based Bias Detection: Disparities between LLMs and Human Perception (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Detecting media bias is critical due to the spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media platforms. |
| Approach: | They investigate the presence and nature of bias within large language models and its consequential impact on media bias detection. |
| Outcome: | The proposed debiasing strategies include prompt engineering and model fine-tuning. |